武汉理工大学材料概论考试重点.docVIP

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记得把精英资料上的两套题背过 1.0 退火的定义和过程: Annealing, in glassblowing and lampworking, is the process of heating, and then slowly cooling glass to relieve internal stresses 热处理退火过程中,退火是消除或减少玻璃的热应力至允许值的热处理过程。 Annealing is to heat treat glass near the softening point to relieve stresses.Then to cool more slowly back through the transition region so as to not reintroduce thermal stresses. Annealing takes time and temperature: ? 1.Thicker glass anneals more slowly, has larger stresses ? 2.Thinner glass anneals more quickly, has smaller stresses ? 3.Glass with large thermal expansion requires more annealing 2.0 材料的力学性质: Mechanical properties of Materials is the behavior of materials deformed by a set of forces. Strength强度 、 硬度 Hardness、韧性 Toughness、 2.1 硅酸盐水泥的主要的化学成份:(氧化物成份+矿物成份) There are four major minerals in Portland cement clinker(熟料): C3S—3CaO+SiO2 (硅酸三钙) C2S—2CaO+SiO2 (硅酸二钙) C3A—3CaO+Al2O3(铝酸三钙) C4AF—4CaO+Al2O3+Fe2O3 (铁铝酸四钙) Atten. C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3, F = Fe2O3 2.2 物相的定义: a phase is a state of aggregation of matter that has a distinctive structure.Phases may be solid,liquid, or gaseous. A phase may be a pure material or a solution of several components. 2.3 什么是应力(F/A)和应变(Δl/L): 1.Force divided by area is called stress.应力为单位面积所承受的作用力 Tensile or compressive stress σ= F / A0 Shear stress τ= F / A0 2.There is a change in dimensions, or deformation elongation, ΔL as a result of a tensile or compressive stress. To enable comparison with specimens of different length, the elongation is also normalized to the length L, called strain,? =ΔL/L 2.4 孔隙的类型和定义:(可连通孔和封闭孔) 1.Open porosity refers to the network of pores in a material that is open to the surface and into which a liquid such as water can penetrate if the part were submerged in it. 2.Closed porosity refers to those pores that have become sealed within the grain structure. 2.5 玻璃的形成条件: Glass Formation results when: 1.Liquids are cooled to below TM (TL) sufficiently fast to avoid crystallization; 2.Nucleation of cryst

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