contingency model.ppt

Managing People and Organizations: Advanced Contingency Models The contingency approach suggests that an effective organisation must adjust its structure in a way that is consistent with the type of environment as well as the technology and any other related factors 权变理论认为，在组织管理中要根据组织所处的环境和内部条件的发展变化随机应变，没有什么一成不变、普遍适用、“最好的”管理理论和方法。权变管理就是依托环境因素和管理思想及管理技术因素之间的变数关系来研究的一种最有效的组织结构。 Joan Woodward’s Research The success of the organisation will be dependent on the business achieving a match between its situation and its strategy Joan Woodward’s Research Identified a range of factors or determinants that affect the organisational structure 1.Determinants决定因素 Forces that determine the shape, size and structural pattern of the organisation. Determinants of Structure Strategy Task Size Historical background Geographical dispersion Technology People External environment Communications Strategy The structure must have a good fit 适应with the strategy of the organisation Strategy Size The size of an organisation is probably the most important variable变量 influencing the structure of the organisation Small organisations – typically having few procedures Large organisations – typically having many written procedures, organisation charts and formal processes（formalised systems) Historical Background The development of the organisation in relationship to ownership and control, product lines, takeovers and mergers will have a strong bearing on the kind of organisational structure The steel producer Geographical Dispersion Size and structure are further complicated by geographical dispersion. An organisaiton whose units are geographically widespread may generate different structures for coordination and control from a similarly sized organisation on operating within one locality Technology How the approach taken to produce an item i.e. the technology can influence the structure. Craft production methods小批量/单位生产 Mass production methods大量生产 Process production metho