2免疫细胞和免疫器官2.ppt

Inverse Grid2-6 中枢免疫器官 （Central lymphoid organ） * * 骨髓和法氏囊（Bone Marrow and bursa of Fabricius） 胸腺（Thymus） A bilobbed primary lymphoid organ that is required for the generation of immunocompetent CD3CD4 and CD3CD8 cells necessary for adaptive immune response. 2-6 中枢免疫器官 （Central lymphoid organ） 骨髓和法氏囊（Bone Marrow and bursa of Fabricius） 胸腺（Thymus） A bilobbed primary lymphoid organ that is required for the generation of immunocompetent CD3CD4 and CD3CD8 cells necessary for adaptive immune response. 法氏囊（Bursa of Fabricius） Bruce Glick and Charlie Chang 胸 腺（Thymus） 皮质：上皮性网状支架，发育早期胸腺细胞为主 髓质：上皮性网状为主，少量胸腺细胞 血-胸屏障：皮质毛细血管及其周围具有屏障作用 功能：分泌多种激素，促进胸腺细胞分化 年龄变化：新生儿胸腺相对较大，至青春期达30-40克，此后胸腺开始萎缩。 胸腺小叶中靠近边缘的皮质区密集地布满了胸腺细胞，靠近中心的髓质区则细胞稀少。胸腺为胸腺细胞的发育、成熟提供微环境。 Thymic Tissue Architecture The thymus is made up of various cell type derived from different origin. Histologically, the thymus has three distinct components: subcapsular cortex, cortex and medulla. Development of T cells or thymucytes are found embedded in an epithelial network known as thymic stroma. The thymic anlage provides an inductive environment that allows precursor T cells to rapidly expand and differentiate. 2-7 外周淋巴器官（Peripheral lymphoid organ） 粘膜相关淋巴系统 （mucosa-associated lymphoid system） 脾脏（spleen） 淋巴结（lymphnodes） 扁桃体（tonsil） HEV are specialized venules found in lymphoid tissues. Lymphocytes migrate from blood into lymphoid tissues by attaching to and migrating across the high endothelial cells of the vessels. High endothelial venule，HEV（高内皮毛细血管后微静脉） 初级淋巴小结（primary follicle） 次级淋巴小结（secondary follicle）= 生发中心（germinal center） Germinal centers in secondary lymphoid tissues are sites of intense B cell proliferation, selection, and death during Ab responses. Germinal centers form around follicular dendritic cell network when activated B cells migrate into lymphoid follicles. 生发中心（germinal center） Lymph nodes are encapsulated strictures that are strategically placed throu