皮肤结构和功能双语.ppt

Outline Epidermis表皮 Dermis真皮 Subcutaneous tissue皮下组织 Cutaneous appendage皮肤附属器 The functions of skin 皮肤的功能 The skin anatomy(皮肤的解剖) The skin is the integument(外皮） of body. It is the largest organ of the body ,making up 16%of body weight, with a surface of 1.5 m2 The depth of skin is 0.5～4mm. The epidermis(表皮） is 0.04-1.6mm，the average depth of epidermis is 0.1mm. The dermis （真皮） is 1-3mm. In China , the average depth of man is 1.15mm, such as the back of trunk is 2.23mm，the eyelid is 0.5mm. The skin anatomy It’s continuous with the digestive system (lips).腔口部位形成皮肤黏膜的移行区 The skin grooves(皮沟) and skin ridges (皮嵴) There are three structural layers to the skin: the epidermis（表皮）,the dermis（真皮）and subcutis（皮下组织） The dermis contains nerve endings, sweat glands （汗腺）and oil glands, hair follicles（毛囊）, and blood vessels（血管）. The color of skin The epidermis (表皮) The epidermis is an epithelium（上皮） comprised of keratinocytes（角质形成细胞） and dendritic cells(langerhans cells朗格汉斯细胞 ,merkel cells麦克尔细胞 ,melanocytes黑素细胞 ). The main cells of the epidermis are the keratinocytes (角质形成细胞 80%),which synthesise the protein keratin(角蛋白).  The epidermis (表皮) Stratum spinosum (棘细胞层) is composed of 4 to 8 layers of prickle (多角形的） keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are attached to each other by intercellular bridge（细胞间桥）, which are desmosomes（桥粒） Stratum granulosum (颗粒层) Located the upper of stratum spinosum. Stratum granulosum is composed of 1 to 3 layers of rather flattened (扁平) cells . There are some large and basophil（嗜碱性） granule, called keratohyline granules(透明角质颗粒）in cytoplasm(细胞浆）. rather flattened cells containing numerous darkly-staining particles known as keratohyaline granules. Stratum lucidum（透明层) locate the below of stratum corneum （角质层），which is composed of 2 to 3 layers of much flat cells. There are seen in the palms of the hands (手掌) and soles of the feet (跖） Stratum corneum (角质层) is composed of layers of 5 to 20 dead cells. Adjacent cells overlap at their margins（边缘） and t