四级写作常见错误分析.pptVIP

四级写作常见错误分析 指代（Reference） 在同一句中，代词与其指代的前述名词应在人称、数、格上保持一致。由于指代不符或不确而造成的错句在写作中是常见的，应该注意以下几种情况。 1．代词与前述词的人称或数不符 Students who wish to take linguistics are asked to sign his name on a sheet of paper. 代词his应改为their， 与前述词students保持复数第三人称的一致。 Each member of the board will have an opportunity to submit their own plan. 代词their应改为his，与前述词each member保持单数第三人称的一致。 2．代词与前述词格的不符 He is the person whom I think deserves the first award. 关系代词whom的前述词是the person， 在定语从句中用作主语，故应改为who。 As a matter of fact, it was her who took the picture of the temple. 代词her 在“it was ... who...”的强调结构中是要强调的主语，用主格表示，故应改为she。 3．代词在句中的指代错误 When he thrust a stick into the rat hole, it ran out and bit him. 根据本句用词，代词it 在句中指代的只能是rat hole（鼠洞），而不是rat，由于意义混淆而造成指代错误，应将it明确改为the rat。 4．代词在句中的指代不明 My father is an electrician, but I am not interested in it. 根据本句用词，代词it在此句中无前述词可以指代，不能等于father 或electrician。因此对代词it要作明确的改动：My father is an electrician, but I am not interested in becoming one. People have tried to fight against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless. 代词it 在本句中并不指代前面的单数名词influence，而是指 to fight against the influence of TV commercials （反对电视商业广告）的这种努力，因此应将it的意义具体化，此句可改为：People have tried to fight against the influence of TV commercials, but this effort often proves useless. 5．有时在句中出现同样数格的两个不同前述词，使后面代词的指代出现模棱两可的情况。如： When the chemist added the powder to water, it turned purple. 代词it可指前面的powder或water这两个前述词的任何一个，但根据常识，显然it指的是water而不是powder，故应将it 具体改为water，句子的意义就正确了。再如： Susan told Jane that her dog was in the garden. 代词her 可指上述Susan或Jane的所有格。根据作者的意思，此句可改为： Susan told Jane that Janes (或Susans) dog was in the garden. 或：Susan said to Jane, Your dog is in the garden. 比较起来，后一句的意义更明确。 6．代词one 和you用于指代意义时的不同 If one wants to excel in athletics, you should watch your diet. 此句应把代词one和you的使用统一起来，有两种改法： If one wants to excel in athletics, he should watch his diet. If you want to excel in athletics, you should watch your diet. 一般的规则是：用于泛指意义时， 常用he (h