尼克尔森微观经济学课件中文版ch10.pdf

Chapter 10 第十章 THE PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM COMPETITIVE MODEL 部分均衡竞争模型 Copyright ©2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Market Demand市场需求 • Assume that there are only two goods (x and y) 假设仅存在两种商品（x和y ） – An individual’s demand for x is个人对x 的需求是 Quantity of x demanded = x (p ,p ,I) x y – If we use i to reflect each individual in the market, then the market demand curve is如果我们用i表示在市场中的每一个人，那么市场需 求曲线为 n Market demand for X x (p ,p ,I ) i x y i i 1 2 Market Demand市场需求 • To construct the market demand curve, PX is allowed to vary while Py and the income of each individual are held constant为了获得市场需求曲线，允许P 变化，而P 和 X y 每一个人的收入保持不变 • If each individual’s demand for x is downward sloping, the market demand curve will also be downward sloping 如果每一个人对x 的需求是向下倾斜的，市场需求曲线 也将是向下倾斜的 3 Market Demand市场需求 To derive the market demand curve, we sum the quantities demanded at every price为推导市场需求曲线 ，我们把每个价格上的需求数量加总 px Individual 1’s px Individual 2’s px Market demand demand curve demand curve curve p * x x1 x2 X