北京周边典型农田风蚀风洞试验与防治分析.pdfVIP

2 0 0 8 年 7 月 农 业 机 械 学 报 第 39 卷 第 7 期 北京周边典型农田风蚀风洞试验与防治分析 冯晓静 　高焕文 　王丽洁 　李洪文 　　【摘要】　利用可移动野外风蚀风洞对北京周边典型农田进行了农田风蚀的研究 。主要考察耕作制度 、地表状 况 、风速和作物行向4 种因素对风蚀的影响规律 。试验结果表明:与传统翻耕对比 ,一年两熟免耕覆盖地和一年一 熟的玉米根茬地都可以减少土壤风蚀 。地表覆盖量的增加可以减少地表土壤的风蚀 ,覆盖量越大 ,减少愈明显 。 一年一熟区地表以玉米根茬防治风蚀为主 ,风向与行向平行时风蚀量最大 ,垂直时最小 ,45°时介于两者之间;风速 较大时 ,玉米根茬的根系有较好的固土作用 。最后对防治农田风蚀提出了相关对策 。 关键词 : 土壤风蚀 　风洞 　试验 中图分类号 : S157 1 文献标识码 : A Wind Erosion Experiment and Countermeasures on Typical Farmlands around Beij ing 1 2 3 2 Feng Xiaoj ing 　Gao Huanwen 　Wang Lij ie 　Li Hongwen ( 1. A g ricul t u ral Univers ity of Hebei , B aodi ng 07 100 1 , Chi na 　2. Chi na A g ricul t u ral Univers ity , B eij i ng 100083 , Chi na 　3. B eij i ng B u reau of A g ricul t u re , B eij i ng 100029 , Chi na) Abstract A series wind t unnel experiment s were conduced on in typical farmlands around Beij ing . The air born dust s were measured in t he fields under different cultivations , tillage management s , cover rates and inter sectional angles between wind and t he crop row s. The result s show t hat t he amount of raising dust increases wit h t he wind velocity by power function ; conservation tillage of one crop a year and two crop s a year can reduce wind ero sion rate t han t raditional tillage ; t he increase of cover rate can reduce t he amount , and t he more t he cover , t he better t he effect ; t he amount of raising dust can be changed by t he angle between t he wind and t he crop row , and t he amount is highest when zero angle , medium 45°angle , and lowe