血管性疾病.pptVIP

Cerebrovascular Disease cerebral infarction 梗塞 ischemic area 缺血区 focal necrosis 局灶坏死 Atherosis 动脉粥样化 Atherosclerotic occlusion( 栓塞） Embolism 栓子 embolic occlusion vasculitis and arterial spasm… 血管炎，动脉痉挛 unilateral hemiplegia（偏瘫）【hemi‘pligia】 Coma 昏迷 【coume】 Lacunar infarction 腔隙梗塞 basal ganglia area 基底节区 adjacent structures. 临近结构 Obscuration 模糊 aphasias（失语） hemianopia（偏盲） cerebellar ataxia(共济失调） diplopia（复视） sylvian fissure 侧裂池 subarachnoid haemorrhage oculomotor nerves 动眼神经 Carotid 颈动脉 cavernous aneurysm 海绵状动脉瘤 trigeminal neuralgia (pain).【neu’regia】 三叉神经痛 1. cerebral infarction Infarction and ischemia of the brain are closely associated with conditions that lead to focal necrosis of the nervous tissue in the ischemic area, usually corresponding to the distribution of an arterial vessel. Main causes of infarction: atherosclerotic occlusion( 栓塞） of large vessels; embolic occlusion of distal vessels; vasculitis and arterial spasm… The common clinical presentation is stroke, with different neurological syndromes according to the functions located in the involved region. From unilateral hemiplegia（偏瘫） to focal aphasias（失语）; From sudden coma to hemianopia（偏盲）; From hemispheric cerebellar ataxia(共济失调） to diplopia（复视）….. Lacunar infarction Means small infarction with diameter less than 15 mm,usually located in basal ganglia area The role of immediate CT is two- fold: Diagnose or exclude any other cause that may have mimicked clinically a stroke, mainly haemorrhage; and to recognize the extent of ischemia and the significance of mass effect when present, over the adjacent structures. In the acute phase about 60% of scans may be considered normal within the first few hours; however, some subtle( 细小） early signs may be detected such as loss of grey-white matter interface, obscuration of the lentiform nucleus and hyperdensity of the horizontal portion of the middle cerebral artery within the sylvian fissure. 6-8 hours later: markedly hypodense with involvement of b