无技术进步的新古典增长模型.pptVIP

International Evidence on Investment Rates and Income per Person 因而，索洛模型预测表明，从长期来看，储蓄率从而投资率越高的国家，其人均资本和人均收入水平也越高。 Growth and Investment Copyright?2003 Southwestern/Thomson Learning ( a ) G r o w t h R a t e 1 9 6 0 – 1991 ( b ) I n v e s t m e n t 1 9 6 0 – 1991 South Korea Singapore Japan Israel Canada Brazil West Germany Mexico United Kingdom Nigeria United States India Bangladesh Chile Rwanda South Korea Singapore Japan Israel Canada Brazil West Germany Mexico United Kingdom Nigeria United States India Bangladesh Chile Rwanda Investment (percent of GDP) Growth Rate (percent) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 10 20 30 40 投资与经济增长之间的关系是显而易见的。 人口增长的影响 投资和 持平投资 人均资本, k sf(k) (? +n1) k k1* (? +n2) k k2* 人口增长率上升导致持平投资上升 进而导致一个较低的稳态人均资本水平k. 预测: 人口增长率 n 越高? 人均资本 k*越低 由于y = f(k) , 因而人均资本 k* 越低? 人均收入 y* 越低 Yes or no? International Evidence on Population Growth and Income per Person 因而，索洛模型预测表明，从长期来看，人口增长率越高的国家，其人均资本和人均收入水平也越低。 * When everything on the slide is showing on the screen, explain to students how to interpret f(k): f(k) is the “per worker production function,” it shows how much output one worker could produce using k units of capital. You might want to point out that this is the same production function we worked with in chapter 3. We’re just expressing it differently. * When everything on the slide is showing on the screen, explain to students how to interpret f(k): f(k) is the “per worker production function,” it shows how much output one worker could produce using k units of capital. You might want to point out that this is the same production function we worked with in chapter 3. We’re just expressing it differently. * * * * The real interest rate r does not appear explicitly in any of the Solow model’s equations. This is to simplify the presentation. You can tell your students that investment still depends on r, which adjusts behind the scenes to keep investment = saving at all times. * * Of course, “actual investment” and “bre