Life_Cycle_Assessment_An_Introduction_MM_ppp_ISEE_Website英文资料.pdfVIP

Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction Marcelle McManus M.McManus@bath.ac.uk Contents • What is LCA? • Why is it important? • Stages in LCA • What sort of results can be found and how can they be used? • Pitfalls and problems What is LCA? ProductionProduction UseUse DisposalDisposal Why is LCA important? • Stops the problem of shifting environmental impacts • Can help to minimise secondary effects if used in conjunction with design • Can help to reduce environmental pollution and resource use • Enables understanding of true and total costs (monetary and environmental) of manufacture and design • Using environmental management, including LCA, can often improve profitability A brief history • Originated from energy analysis and some claim first LCA carried out by coca cola in 1969 • SETAC set first standards in 1990 • ISO produced series of standards in 1997/98 which were recently revised in 2006 – ISO 14040:2006 outlining LCA principles and framework – ISO 14044:2006 for requirements and guidelines What’s considered in an LCA? Energy and Energy and Energy and Energy and raw material raw material raw material raw material Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Component Production Assembley of Product Use of Product Disposal of Product emissions emissions emissions emissions to air,