6-Fracture characteristics of rockbolts in underground coal mine roadways.pdfVIP

International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences 62 2013 105– 112 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences journal home Technical Note Fracture characteristics in rock bolts in underground coal mine roadways H. Kang a,n, Y. Wu a, F. Gao a,b, J. Lin a, P. Jiang a a Mining Designing Branch, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, China b Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 17 April 2012 Received in revised form 8 April 2013 Accepted 25 April 2013 1. Introduction introduced two major improvements compared to the previous high strength rock bolting technology. Firstly the strength of the Rock bolts have been extensively used for rock reinforcement in rock bolts has been considerably increased from 400 to 600 MPa underground coal mine roadways around the world, especially in of yield strength and from 600 to 800 MPa of ultimate strength . the United States and Australia, where rock bolts were initially The diameter of cables has been increased from 15.2 to 22 mm, used in coal mines [1,2]. In Chinese coal mines, rock bolts were resulting in a signi?cant increase from 260 to 560 kN in the initially used to reinforce roadways driven in rock layers rather ultimate tensile capacity. The other major improvement is that the than coal seams. Early types of rock bolts include mechanically- importance of high pretension is specially highlighted [6,7]. Both anchored bolts, grouted dowels, point-anchored bolts with resin the rock bolts and cables are designed to be installed with high or cement capsules and split-set bolts which have low strength pretension. This high-pretension, extreme-strength rock bolting and can only be used for simple geological conditions.