6.2 RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS.pptVIP

Sometimes, increasing the temperature or concentration is not a desirable method to increase reaction rate… it may be impractical or dangerous. A catalyst is a chemical that speeds up the reaction rate, but doesn’t get used up as a reactant. It can do its job over and over again. An enzyme is an example of a biological catalyst. ie: salivary amylase A catalyst decreases the amount of energy that is required to break the bonds between the reactants so that products can form. EXAMPLE: Catalytic converters Catalytic converters use metals like platinum, palladium and rhodium to convert poisonous compounds in vehicle exhausts into less harmful things. THIS LESS POLLUTION! Catalysts in the honeycomb-shaped filters in the converter help to change many of the pollutants into less harmful substances. Poisonous carbon monoxide is changed into CO2. Hydrocarbons are converted into CO2 and H2O. Nitrogen oxides are changed into N2 and O2. 2N2O3 ? 2N2 + 3O2 Add a catalyst to speed up the reaction Increase the temperature Increase the surface area break solid into smaller pieces Increase the concentration of the liquid put more solute in the water Decrease the temperature where the reaction occurs. Decrease the concentration of reactants. Decrease the amount of surface area that reacts. Remove a catalyst or add an inhibitor. MAKING NYLON: /bc10/pgs/videos_012_making_nylon.html Explain how factors such as temperature, concentration, the presence of a catalyst, and surface area can speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions. Endothermic Exothermic Energy of Activation Reaction Rate Catalyst Concentration Surface Area Temperature Collision theory 1. Energy is involved in every chemical reaction. All chemical reactions require two steps: the atoms of the reactants are broken apart b the atoms of the reactants recombine to form products e.g. magnesium + sulphuric acid magnesium sulphate + hydrogen Mg s + H2SO4 aq MgSO4 a