chinese language and culture.pptVIP

56 nationalities 80 languages 30 different writings Mainland China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao and Taiwan Province, Singapore, Malaysia Mandarin (putong hua) Chinese dialects (1)Phonetics Scheme of Chinese Phonetic Alphabets Initials Finals Tones Initials Finals Monophthong Diphthong and Nasal vowels Tones ˉ(the first tone) ˊ(the second tone) ˇ(the third tone) ˋ(the fourth tone) dā dá dǎ dà 搭 答 打 大 hang over answer beat large (2)Grammars Subject+Verb (+Object) 我 说 汉语。 Wǒ shuō hàn yǚ. I speak Chinese. 学 xué learn I will learn Chinese tomorrow. 我明天学汉语。 I learned Chinese yesterday. 我昨天学汉语。 Plural 们, mén 我 是 学生。 Wǒ shì xuéshēng. I am a student. 我们 是 学生。 Wǒmén shì xuéshēng. We are students. (3)Vocabulary 再见 zàijiàn to say goodbye 谢谢 xièxiè to thank 老师 lǎoshī teacher 教室 jiàoshì classroom (4) Characters older forms 100,000 modern use 10,000 Inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty (c.16th B.C.-11th B.C.) 人 rén human-being 女 nǚ female 田 tián farmland 牛 niú cattle; cow 羊 yáng sheep; goat 山 shān mountain 水 shǔi water (1)Traditional Festivals Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC)-took shape Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220) –major traditional festivals were fixed Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907)-more entertaining ①Spring Festival Preliminary Eve-The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month Spring Festival couplets Fu dao le-happiness comes paper-cuttings Door God Spring Festival Eve Dumplings-jiaozi Nian Gao-New Year Cake Red Packet fireworks Lantern Day ②Mid-autumn Day Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.) Zhou Dynasty (1066 B.C.-221 B.C.) Enjoy a bright full moon Moon cakes nuts, mashed red b