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Cisco_网络基础教程_4.ppt
OSI 传输层 解释传输层的需求; 确定传输层在终端应用程序之间传输数据的过程中所扮演的角色; 描述两种 TCP/IP 传输层协议 — TCP 和 UDP 协议的作用。 解释传输层的关键功能,包括可靠性、端口寻址以及数据分段; 解释 TCP 和 UDP 协议如何发挥各自的关键功能; 确定 TCP 或 UDP 协议的应用场合,并举出使用每个协议的应用程序的例子。 4.1.1 Transport Layer Role and Services Transport Layer purpose Tracking Individual Conversations Segmenting Data Reassembling Segments Identifying the Applications 4.1.1 Transport Layer Role and Services 传输层主要任务: 跟踪源主机和目的主机上应用程序间的每次通信; 将数据分段,并管理每个片段; 将分段数据重组为应用程序数据流; 标识不同的应用程序。 其它功能: 面向连接的服务 可靠性 流量控制 4.1.4 TCP and UDP TCP Connection-oriented(面向连接) Reliable delivery Flow control Applications that use TCP: Web Browsers; E-mail File Transfers UDP Simple Connectionless (无连接) Low overhead Best effort Applications that use UDP: Domain Name System (DNS); Video Streaming; Voice over IP (VoIP) 4.1.5 Port Addressing Port number :Used for Identifying the Conversations Socket:IP 地址+端口号 (IP 地址+传输层协议+端口号 ) 4.1.5 Port Addressing Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) 负责分配端口号 Types of port numbers 4.1.5 Port Addressing netstat Command: 可列出正在使用的协议、本地地址和端口号、外部地址和端口号以及连接的状态。 4.1.6 Segmentation and Reassembly Ensures that data is transmitted within the limits of the media Ensures that data from different applications can be multiplexed on to the media TCP and UDP Handle Segmentation Differently 4.2.1 TCP- Making Communicating with Reliability The key distinction between TCP and UDP is reliability TCP segment 4.2.2 TCP Server Process Each application process running on the server is configured to use a port number, either by default or manually by a system administrator. There can be many simultaneous ports open on a server, one for each active server application. 源端口号和目的端口号 4.2.3 TCP Connection and Termination Establishment of TCP sessions -The three-way handshake(三次握手): 4.2.4 TCP Three-Way Handshake 使用 Wireshark ,研究 TCP 三次握手的操作过程: 4.2.4 TCP Three-Way Handshake 使用 Wireshark ,研究 TCP 三次握手的操作过程: 4.2.4 TCP Three-Way Handshake 使用 Wireshark ,研究 TCP 三次握手的操作过程
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