SWhite for Lanzhou China Innovation Challenge.ppt

USA China Universities Journey ? International experience, knowledge, networks, preferences Local start-ups Subsidiaries of foreign firms Own start-ups Other’s firms But major benefit from today’s Global Bamboo Network* *Including earlier emigrants… Japan UK Germany National-level Science Technology Parks or Zones: 56 Tech-based new ventures: 300,000+ Incubators: 700+ Emergence of new innovation hubs Who is Panasonic battling for #1 rank in patent applications globally? (2,154 vs 1,863 in 2010) 1,700,000 active ST researchers 75,000/year ST graduates 1,200 MNC labs in China Origin Patents Trademarks Designs China 1 1 1 Germany 5 4 2 United States of America 3 2 9 Japan 2 8 6 Republic of Korea 4 9 3 France 7 3 8 Italy 9 10 4 India 10 5 11 Turkey 17 6 5 United Kingdom 8 11 10 Russian Federation 6 7 16 Spain 15 13 7 Canada 16 14 .. Brazil 22 12 12 Netherlands 11 17 20 Switzerland 13 21 18 Poland 18 19 15 Australia 25 16 17 Ukraine 23 23 14 Sweden 14 25 22 Data for 2011 from World Intellectual Property Organization, 2012 Report. Ranking by type of intellectual property (applications filed) Lenovo’s imitation+creation strategy 1984-90 (贸 Trade) Distributor for foreign PCs (no PC production of its own) Established nationwide sales network; after-sales service. “HP was our teacher.” Later: motherboard and add-on card production via HKG subsidiary. 1991-2000 (工 Manufacturing) High-volume/low-cost manufacturing using standard components; price-based competition vis-à-vis foreign brands. Incorporated customer input from domestic distribution network in product design. 2001+ (技 Technology) Make: 2-tier RD system; embark on cutting-edge technology; qualitatively and functionally differentiated products; alliances for learning; branding (“Lenovo”). Buy: Purchase of IBM’s PC division ? proprietary technology, global brand, distribution, service network. Need/opportunity for solar PV in China,but ~95% of production exported… But “indigenous innovation” for whom