《Light-induced charge transport processes in photorefractive crystals II Materials)》.pdf

Appl. Phys. B 64, 391–407 (1997) Springer-Verlag 1997 C Invited paper Light-induced charge transport processes in photorefractive crystals II: Materials K. Buse Universit¨at Osnabr¨uck, Fachbereich Physik, D–49 069 Osnabr¨uck, Germany (Fax: +49-541969-2670, E-mail: kbuse@physik.uni-osnabrueck.de) Received: 14. October 1996 Abstract. The charge transport processes in different pho- wave (cw) and pulse laser intensities (I smaller or larger 100 torefractive oxide crystals are reviewed and consequences for kW m−2) are treated separately and the influence of different applications are outlined. – The light-induced charge trans- dopants is analyzed. Investigations of the charge transport by port processes in LiNbO , LiTaO , BaTiO , Ba Sr TiO optical, electrical and electron paramagnetic resonance meth- 3 3 3 1−x x 3 (0x 1, BST), Ba Ca TiO (0x 1, BCT), KNbO , ods (EPR) [2] are taken into account. The number of different 1−x x 3 3 KTa Nb O (0x 1, KTN), Sr Ba Nb O (0x 1, SBN) photorefractive levels, the dominant charge driving forces and 1−x x 3 1−x x 2 6 and Bi12(Si,Ti,Ge)O20 (BSO, BTO, BGO) are discussed. the dominant charge carriers are determined. In some cases Utilizing the knowledge on the charge transport processes, it is possible to identify photorefractive centers, to decide consequences for applications are deduced; improved tech- whether two-center or three-valence model are appropriate n