《InTech-Horn_type_piezoelectric_ultrasonic_transducer_modelling_and_applications》.pdf

1 Horn-Type Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer: Modelling and Applications 1* 1 2* Tao Li , Jan Ma and Adrian F. Low 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 2National University Heart Centre; National University Health System, Singapore 1. Introduction The piezoelectric transducers can be categorized into sonic, ultrasonic and megasonic transducers based on the operating frequency. In each category, the design and function of the transducers vary significantly. The sonic transducers work at an audible frequency range, typically less than 20 kHz. In this frequency range, the transducers could be designed in the bending mode. Examples of the sonic transducers are the bimorph cantilever and buzzer (siren) unimorph transducer (APC International, Ltd., 2002; Yeo et al., 2008). The buzzer transducer is made of a piezoelectric disk attached to a metallic substrate. It is able to produce a sound level more than 100 dB at resonance in the frequency range of kHz (Bai et al., 2007; Miclea et al., 2008). At off-resonance conditions, the buzzer transducer can also be used as an actuator for piezoelectric diaphragm pump (Accoto et al., 2000; Woias, 2005). The ultrasonic transducers usually work at a frequency range from ~20 kHz to ~200 kHz (Abramov, 1998; Atar et al., 1999; Chen Wu, 2002; Chu et al., 2002; Hongoh et al., 2004; Lin, 1995, 2004a; Mattiat, 1971; Medis Henderson, 2005; Prokic, 2004; Radmanovic Mancic, 2004; Sherrit et al., 1999a, 1