中国文化 中英文对照.docxVIP

1.剪纸 剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。 Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cutting are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. 2.儒家思想 儒家思想也称儒学，由春秋（前770年-前476年）末期伟大的思想家、教育家孔子所创立。历代代表人物有孟子、董仲舒、朱熹、王阳明等。主要经典有：四书（《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》），五经（《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《春秋》）等。儒家学派以“仁、义、礼、智、信”为核心内容，构成了其伦理思想体系，是中国古代长达两千余年封建社会的主流意识。 Confucianism Confucian thought, also called Confucianism, was established by Confucius, a great thinker and educator who live in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Some representatives of Confucianism throughout Chinese history include Mencius, Dong Zhongshu, Zhu Xi, and Wang Yangming. The main classics of Confucianism are the Four Books (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and Mencius) and the Five Classics (Zhouyi, Shangshu (collection of Ancient Texts), The Book of Songs, The Rites, and The Spring and Autumn Annals). The Confucian school regards “benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity” as being at the core of its ethical system. Confucianism was the main ideology of feudal society for more than 2,000 years in China. 3.中国象棋 中国象棋早在战国时期（前475-前221）就有记载，最初成为六博，用象牙做成。到了北宋（960-1127）末期定型为近代模式。棋盘为九竖十横线画成的长方形平面，是中国封建社会制度和文化的缩影----有中军帐（九宫）、士位（士、仕）、文官（象、相）、武将（车、马、炮）、士兵（兵、卒）。是世界四大棋类（中国围棋、中国象棋、国际象棋、日本将棋）之一。 Chinese