壳聚糖的改及其智能水凝胶的研究.pdf

摘要 本论文首先综述了壳聚糖的物理、化学性质，以及壳聚糖改性的目的及方法。 壳聚糖水凝胶的制备方法和应用，壳聚糖改性微球的制备方法以及应用。壳聚糖 作为优良的天然聚阳离子材料，具有良好的生物降解、生物相容性。已经被广泛 的应用于药物控释、水处理等多方面的研究。本文采用两种不同的方法对壳聚糖 进行改性，制备了壳聚糖-酪朊酸钠水凝胶，壳聚糖-蛭石以及壳聚糖-刺槐豆胶 复合高分子微球。 壳聚糖富含羟基和氨基，通过改性可以得到特定的功能高分子，通过交联剂 戊二醛成功的在壳聚糖链段上引入了酪朊酸钠单元，制备了一种 pH 敏感的水凝 胶，采用了FT-IR，SEM，TGA等手段对材料进行分析,并考察了投料比以及pH对 凝胶溶胀性的影响。 采用反向悬浮乳液聚合法制备了壳聚糖-蛭石/刺槐豆胶复合高分子微球，从 交联剂用量、投料比、油相的选择等方面优化了聚合反应条件。采用了FT-IR， SEM，TGA 等手段对材料进行分析。复合高分子微球表面为多孔结构，并且表面 非常不平整，这使得复合高分子微球的比表面积增大，通过热分析得出结论，复 合高分子微球的耐热性能得到了改善。 对两种壳聚糖复合高分子微球对对苯二酚的吸附行为做了一定研究，给出了 影响平衡吸附量的一些因素，两种复合高分子微球有望在药物载体及废水处理方 向得到应用。 关键词：壳聚糖、水凝胶、微球、酪朊酸钠、蛭石、刺槐豆胶 II Abstract Chitosan is obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin from the shell of shrimp, crab and insects etc, is an alkaline polymer. Due to the biocompatibility, biodegradable, no toxicity and environmental friendship, chitosan and its ramifications has been widely use in biomedical applications, such as in drug delivery systems and wastewater treatment. In this paper, two kinds of methods were used to modify chitosan, chitosan-sodium caseinate hydrogels, chitosan-vermiculite composite microspheres and chitosan- locust bean gum composite microspheres were prepared. Chitosan contains hydroxyl and ammoniac in its unit structure and a special kind of polar polymer could be obtained by introduction of carbonyl group. The gels based on chitosan were also prepared and crosslinked either with glutaraldehyde. A kind of hydrogels with special pH sensitive were obtained. Chitosan-vermiculite/locust bean gum composite microspheres were prepared via emulsion cross-linking method. Conditions of polymerization such as reaction temperature, amount of glutaral