燃煤工业炉窑黑烟细粒子污染控制技术(论文英谪).docVIP

燃煤工业炉窑黑烟细粒子污染控制技术 史 君 洁 （夹江节煤科研所 四川省夹江县西街20号 614100） [摘要]中国年燃煤约25亿吨占世界煤耗的1/3。黑烟随处可见，窑炉产生的黑烟最严重，约占全国燃煤黑烟产生量的一半。黑烟粒径仅0.01-0.1μm不在除尘器的有效范围，黑烟进入大气后不沉降而随风飘散，成为中国城市首要的污染物，美国称中印的煤烟使太平洋上的风暴增加了50%并污染了美国西部城市。大气细粒子污染已成为国际大气环境科学的重点研究领域，其控制技术是世界性难问题。 本文介绍了细粒子的危害、来源以燃煤为甚（中国太原市调查说明，可吸入颗粒物中，黑烟占99.75%），燃煤黑烟是煤挥发分中碳氢化合物不完全燃烧，发生二次热解产生的烟炱[即苯并（a）芘]，指出挥发分产率、C/O、C/H等煤质指标、投煤方式和燃烧条件（提出“炉内烟负荷”指标）等因素对产烟量的影响和治理的易难程度。 通过对作者发明的“中饲式先反烧后正烧燃煤法”的评价，对消烟原理（关键是满足完全燃烧的四大要素）和节煤原理、煤种适应性、劳动强度、适用炉型、技术指标及其稳定性（注意人为因素的影响）、投资和运行费、实施条件及操作管理等科学评价指标作了具体介绍。 关键词：燃煤黑烟 产生机理 手烧炉消烟 Control Technologies of Fine Particles in Black Smoke from Coal-fired Industrial Kilns Shi Jun-jie [Abstract] The coal consumption for burning is 2500 Mt/a in china, and the proportion in coal consumption all over the word is about 1/3. Black smoke exists everywhere. Black smoke from kilns is the most, about 50% in quantity of black smoke all the country. Particle size of black smoke ranges from 0.01 micron to 0.1micron. So they can’t be collected effectively in dust precipitators. Black smoke is non-settling after entering atmosphere and diffuses with wind, so that it becomes the prime pollutant in cities of China. The USA declared that the coal smoke from China and India has made frequency of storms occurring increase by 50%, and has polluted western cities of America Pollution of fine particles has been priority research area of international atmospheric environmental science. Corresponding control technology is a world wide difficult problem. The harmfulness and sources of fine particles were introduced in this paper. The fine particles came mainly from coal smoke (the proportion of black smoke in inhalable particulate matter was 99.75% according to survey for the city of Taiyuan). Black smoke is secondary pyrolysis product (α-benzopyrene) in incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon from fugitive constituent. The influences of some factors on smoke volume and pollution control were researched, such as coal quality indexes(cont