156 武汉市居住建筑节能分析.docVIP

武汉市居住建筑节能分析 武汉科技大学城建学院 李海承 李玉云 田英 陈桂营 摘 要：通过对武汉市居住建筑的建筑信息与能耗的调查，以武汉市某居住建筑为研究对象，采用Dest-h进行能耗模拟，研究居住建筑用能限值与实际能耗的误差及原因；研究外围护结构传热系数、遮阳系数、换气次数、建筑朝向、室内空调供暖设备对居住建筑能耗的影响。结果表明：实际能耗远低于居住建筑用能限值的主要原因是空调间歇运行、居民开窗通风、居民的忍受极限。降低外围护结构的传热系数、利用自然通风、选择好的遮阳形式、提高空调供暖系统能效比都会有好的节能效果。 关键词：居住建筑；输入参数；节能；限值 Energy-saving Analysis of A Residential Building In Wuhan City By Li Haicheng Li Yuyun Tian Ying Chen Guiying Abstract: Base on the investigation of building information and energy consumption of residential buildings in Wuhan city， for a residential building in Wuhan City as the research object, adopting Dest-h software to make energy consumption simulation， studies the error between the limit values of energy consumption and the actual energy consumption and the reasons for residential buildings。 Research the influence of outer envelope thermal transfer coefficient, shading coefficient, ventilation rate, building orientation， indoor air conditioning and heating equipment on residential building energy consumption. The results show that the actual energy consumption is far lower than the limit values of residential building energy consumption is mainly due to intermittent operation of air-conditioner, ventilation with window open, endurance limit of residents. Reducing thermal transfer coefficient of outer envelope, utilizing natural ventilation, selecting a good shading form and enhancing energy efficiency of air conditioning and heating system all have good effect on energy saving. Keywords: residential buildings；input parameters；energy saving；limit values 1 引言 据统计，截至2007年低，武汉城区房屋建筑542955栋，总占地面积10259.54万㎡，总建筑面积31286.31万㎡，其中武汉城区既有建筑19150.58万㎡，住宅建筑11353.21万㎡，人均住宅建筑面积为26.86㎡/人。既有建筑中95%以上是高能耗建筑；每年新建建筑800～1200万㎡，节能建筑为10%左右。武汉市既有建筑的围护结构热工状况普遍较差，屋面：非透光部分屋面传热系数为0.44～1.62W/（㎡·K），透光部分屋面传热系数一般为5.4～6.4W/（㎡·K）；外墙：传热系数为1.11～2.47 W/（㎡·K）,240砖墙的传热系数为2.2～2.4 W/（㎡·K）；地面：底部接触室外空气地面的传热系数1.0～3.63 W/（㎡·K）；外窗：单层钢窗的建筑居多，传热系数一般在6.4W/（㎡·K），遮蔽系数一般大于0.8。空调供暖以家用分体空调为主，也有部分居民用电取暖器，省直机关以集中供暖为主。图1为武汉市居民家庭每