新现代数控机床原理与结构 双语 教学课件 郁元正 Chapter1 Introduction.pptVIP

Open loop machine tool has following advantages: Simple construction Low cost Convenient adjustment Stable performance Open loop control system is suitable for comparatively low accuracy applications, e.g. economical machine tools. Bearing Lead screw Location comparing Tachometer Speed control Servo motor Speed feedback Worktable Instruction Location feedback Spindle Cutting tool Location detecting Bearing 2) Closed loop control Inspection components were built in worktable. NC device compares instruction to real location of worktable, and then corrects errors. Closed loop system can eliminate the effects of transmission errors. However, in fact, mechanical components have non-linear parameters, e.g. friction, rigidity, clearance, etc. it made parameter adjustment difficult. Any defect may result in system instability. Closed loop control system is usually applied on large machine tools where high precision is required, e.g. NC milling/boring machine, super-precision lathe, super-precision grinder, etc. 3) Semi-closed loop control It is applied on most NC machine tools. For this type, inspection components are fixed at the end of motor shaft. With inspection components that have high resolution (高分辨率) , the system is able to provide reasonable accuracy, which is usually between that of open loop and closed loop. Moreover, the system is stable because of short control circuit. Lead screw Location comparing Speed location detecting component Speed control Servo motor Speed feedback Worktable Bearing Instruction Location feedback Spindle Cutting tool 3.2 Features of NC machine tools For mass production, automatic machining may obtain better cost efficiency. The basis of automatic mass production is stringent machining process. However, for small quantity production, varying products require different machining process, therefore, conventional automatic production may be replaced by flexible machining. Flexible machining technology is known as computer controlled au