Regulating neutrophil apoptosis new players enter the game》.pdf

Review Regulating neutrophil apoptosis: new players enter the game ´ 1,2 1,2 3 Veronique Witko-Sarsat , Magali Pederzoli-Ribeil , Emilio Hirsh , Silvano Sozzani4 and Marco A. Cassatella5 1 Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´ dicale Unite´ 1016, 75014 Paris, France 2 Institut Cochin, Universite´ Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France 3 Department of Genetics, Biology, and Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Italy 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy 5 Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy Recently, unexpected biological features of polymorpho- of neutrophil cell death is context-dependent, and can nuclear neutrophils have been revealed. In addition to include apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, oncosis, NETeto- their pivotal role in the defence against pathogens, sis, phagocytosis-induced cell death (PICD) (reviewed in neutrophils display a high degree of plasticity and con- [10]) and, as more recently reported, autophagy [11– 13]. tribute to control of adaptive immune responses. An During the resolution phase of inflammation, neutrophils emerging aspect of neutrophils is their ability to modu- undergo apoptosis, which is considered a ‘safe’ process of late their survival in response to both intrinsic and elimination [14]. In fact, apoptotic neutrophils are phago- extrinsic factors. This review focuses on recent advances cytosed by macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs), which that have uncovered proliferating cell nuclear antigen triggers an altered gene expressio