金融机构信托理财法律问题与研究.pdf

内容摘要 随着理财业务在我国市场上的迅速发展，市场上各类理财产品的出现，在司法实践 中面临着对各种类型不同的理财业务到底应该如何裁量的司法困境。而从司法裁量的困 境出发，引发我们思考的基础法律问题是这些理财产品在当事人之间形成的法律关系是 什么。目前我国实务界和学术界对各种理财业务的法律关系界定，有多种不同的理论， 官方似乎也在禁止混业经营与信托天然的混业属性间徘徊。由于上层法律规范的不足， 进一步加速了市场上的混乱，增加了司法裁判上的困难。同时在金融理财业务的监管上， 也出现令出多门，对从事相同理财业务的不同机构，却有着宽严不一的标准。因此，对 市场上理财业务法律关系的分析，对监管不足与改善的讨论，将有效的改变我国目前理 财业务市场“战国时代”的混乱局面。本文基于实务的要求，第一部分为信托与金融机 构信托理财的基础理论，着重讨论信托的概念、金融机构信托理财的概念、以及金融信 托理财如何成立与生效；第二部分以银行理财业务和证券公司资管业务为切入点，对市 场上各类金融理财业务进行介绍，并对学术界关于各类理财业务所形成的法律关系究竟 为何进行总结；在第三部分笔者提出自己对现行理财业务的分类，及对其法律关系的界 定，提出了应界定为信托法律关系的理财业务类型、宜设立成信托法律关系的理财业务 类型这一观点；在第四部分，笔者着力于信托监管中的几个问题，一是缺乏对各种理财 业务的信托法律关系认定；二是标准不统一的监管，导致行业竞争的不公平；三是缺乏 统一的监管机构；四是对保底条款的争议，承认保底条款的有效性，有利于保护委托人 利益，以及辅助行业的初期发展。 关键词：金融机构；信托；法律关系；监管 1 Abstract With the rapid development of financial business in our local market, the emergence of the various types of financial products on the market, the difficulty is how to judge the cases arised by the financial business. From the plight of judicial discretion, causing us to think about the basic legal issues that what legal relationship between the parties in these business. About the problem what the legal relationship between the parties in these business, there are a variety of different theories of our practitioners and academics, at the same time, the official also seems to be in a dilemma that whether or not they should permit financial institution mixed operation because of the nature of trust. The incompletion of laws accelerated the market confusion, increased the difficulties in the judging course. The supervision of the financial business have the problem that even if the different financial institution operates the same type business, they have to face the different financial regulator and the different rules. Therefore, the analysis of the legal relationship of the financial business in the market a