论刑事强制医疗程序适用条件及审查判断.pdf

理人或家属、走访被申请人所居住的社区；审查被申请人危险性时，可从病理层面、既 往肇事史、家属监管、物质滥用史、外部因素、人格特征、个人基本情况七方面进行。 第三部分是刑事强制医疗程序适用条件存在的问题及完善建议。根据调研结果和实 践反映的情况，刑事强制医疗程序适用条件存在着司法精神病鉴定意见主导审判、危险 性评估缺乏具体标准、精神医学专家参与无制度支持三大问题。针对这三个问题，笔者 提出将“刑事责任能力评定”剥离司法精神医学鉴定、建立危险性评估机制和建立精神 医学专家参与制度三大建议。其中将“刑事责任能力评定”剥离司法精神医学鉴定应从 近期和远期两方面进行。近期鉴定人仍可以鉴定外单独提出意见的方式提出评定建议， 远期则由法官和鉴定人共同评定刑事责任能力，法官为主，鉴定人为辅。建立危险性评 估机制应从立法确定危险性评估具体标准和考量因素、编制刑事强制医疗程序中精神障 碍者危险性评定量表或指南、将危险性入司法精神医学鉴定项目三方面进行。精神医学 专家参与刑事强制医疗程序时，有条件的地方和复杂、疑难案件应尽可能采用专家陪审 的方式，条件不足的可采取专家咨询方式，建议设立全国性或省级的精神卫生专家咨询 委员会，并出台相应的专家咨询规则。 关键词：强制医疗；精神障碍者；适用条件；审查判断；危险性评估 2 Abstract Besides the introduction, there are three parts in this thesis. The first part is the normative analysis of applicable conditions in criminal compulsory medical procedures. On the subject condition, the article suggests that the word “mental disorders” should be thought with a broad perspective. Judges have the power to evaluate criminal responsibility and there are three misunderstandings in judicial official s: that criminal responsibility being evaluated only and all by appraisers is adequate, that sick equals to innocence, and that the understanding of identification and control ability stays at the conceptual level. On the behavior condition, the article advocates pure usurpation should be excluded. Crime methods, crime locations, foreseeable hazard degree, the number and frequency of the crime should be considered to the analysis in social harm of the applicant‟s violence and attempted crime could also be brought into criminal compulsory medical procedure. Criminal compulsory medical procedure is retroactive, but being traced too early is not appropriate and the review of custody wishes, custody conditions, progressi