放牧绵羊排泄物养分降解及其对温室气体排放贡献.pdf

摘 要 本试验于2010-2011 年在内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原地区利用尼龙网袋重量损失法 和静态呼吸箱法，分别对绵羊排泄物在土壤内的降解特性和其对短花针茅荒漠草原温 室气体通量的影响进行了研究。试验采用室外与室内相结合的方法进行。研究结果如 下： 在一年中，夏季是绵羊粪养分降解的主要时期。粪中所含干物质（dry matter ， DM ）、有机物质（organic matter ，OM ）、粗脂肪（crude fat ，CF ）、中性洗涤纤维（neutral detergent fiber ，NDF ）、酸性洗涤纤维（acid detergent fiber ，ADF ）、含氮量（nitrogen ， N ）和含碳量（carbon，C ）在土壤内（5 cm）的降解过程中，质量或含量随降解时间 的延长显著减少（p 0.01 ），而磷（phosphour ，P ）和钙（calcium，Ca ）含量变化不 显著。粪便所含养分随时间的降解符合非线性回归方程：y = y0 +a （1-e-bx ）。草地土 壤温室气体的通量变化主要受绵羊排泄物和取样时间的影响 （p 0.01 ）。粪尿减弱了 草地对 CH4 的吸收，增加了CO2 的排放。绵羊排泄物的降解和对温室气体的贡献是 各种影响因子综合作用的过程，其中机理还需进一步调查研究。 关键词：放牧绵羊；排泄物；养分降解；温室气体 The Study on Nutrient Degradation and Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emission of Grazing Sheep Excreta Abstract This experiment was carried out in stipa breviflora desert steppe of Inner Mongolia in 2010 and 2011. Nylon-weight loss method and static respiration chamber were used to measure nutrient degradation of grazing sheep excreta and their effect on greenhouse gas fluxes, respectively. The results were shown as follows: Summer was the main degradation period of sheep dung in the year around. The contents of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fat (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) of the sheep dung in the soil (5cm) reduced significantly (p 0.01) during the measured period, whereas degradation rates of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) were not significant. The dynamic changes of the degraded nutrient fitted non-linear regression equation: y = y0 +a (1-e-bx). Greenhouse gases fluxes were affected (p 0.01) by sheep excrete and sampling time during the measured period. Sheep excreta weakened CH4 consumption and increased CO2 e