浅谈英语语法及其分类.docVIP

浅谈英语语法及其分类 【摘 要】当代英语语法流派可以粗略地分为三大类:规定性语法、描述性语法和解释性语法。本文简单介绍了各类语法的起源、基本概念 及其主要特点,并提出了作者对怎样正确对待传统语法的观点。 【关键词】英语语法;分类;规定性语法;描述性语法;解释性语法 Introduction:Fromthelinguisticpointofview,Englishlanguage, likeanyotherlivinglanguageintheworld,consistsofthreeessential elements:pronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar. Pronunciationisthematerialoutershellofalanguage,orthe materialforminwhichalanguageexists.Vocabularyreferstoallthe constructionsofalanguage.Grammardealswiththesystematiclawsand rulesofalanguage,includingitsforms,inflexionsandwaystomake sentences.Grammarisoftencomparedtotheplasterandskeletondesigns ofbuildingofalanguage. Letusdrawananalogysoastomakeclearertherelationbetween thethreebasicelements.Supposingalanguageisabuilding,then pronunciationisitsoutershape,vocabularyisthematerialofconstruction (suchasbrick,tile,reinforcebars,cement,etc.)andgrammarisjustlike thedesignsandtechniquesofconstruction. Amongthethreeessentialelements,pronunciation,asthematerial basisoftheexistenceofalanguage,isprimary;vocabularyliesonthe centralpositionastheothertwoareexpressedbymeansofit,while grammaristheusefulandnecessarytoolforustostudyandusea language.Withoutit,wewouldfeelitquitedifficulttousealanguage correctly,especiallyaforeignlanguage.Forastudentorateacherof English,itisstillmorenecessarytostudygrammar. Accordingtothedevelopmentofgrammar,theprincipalschoolsof contemporaryEnglishgrammarmayroughlybedividedintothreemajor classes: Prescriptive Grammar, Descriptive Grammar and ExplanatoryGrammar.Hereisasketchyintroductiontosomeofthem: A.PrescriptiveGrammar PrescriptivegrammaroriginatedinancientGreektimesofPlatoand Aristotle.Atthattime,grammarwasonlytreatedasthetoolofenjoying literature,andthechangesoflanguagewerelookeduponasdecayand degeneration.Theancientformsofalanguagewereheldinesteemand thegrammarianstriedtokeepthemfixedandunchanged.Prescriptive grammarmainlyconsistsoftwoparts:MorphologyandSyntax.Therewere eightpartsofspeechandaseriesofgrammat