明代科举对明代戏曲影响.pdf

I 中文摘要 在中国古代戏曲史上，明代是继元代后的又一个戏曲发展的黄金 时期，也是戏曲史上第一个戏曲与科举制度同时繁荣的时期。由于科 举的影响，明代戏曲从作者身份、创作动因到文本内容、语言形式都 呈现出了一些新的特点。首先，明代戏曲的作者大部分参加过科举考 试，并且其中很大一部分作者拥有颇高的社会地位，这导致明代戏曲 作者的整体社会地位和文化素质具有明显提高。第二，在创作目的方 面，由于明代戏曲作者的社会地位的变化，明代戏曲创作的教化目的 与前代相比进一步加深，并且出现了不以实际舞台演出为第一目的、 只为满足作者自身的精神需要而创作的戏曲。第三，从内容上来讲， 明代戏曲中对科举的描写大大增多，并且出现了单独以科举为主要内 容的戏曲作品。同时，由于科举在社会生活中的重要性，明代戏曲创 作中的价值取向也进一步向科举方向倾斜，不但出现了明显的“登科 情结”，“孝”“贤”等封建社会传统道德概念的内涵也具有了鲜明的 科举印迹。最后，明代科举考试的专用文体——八股文也对明代的戏 曲创作产生了一定的影响，出现了“以时文为南曲”的新的戏曲创作 倾向，具体体现在戏曲的审美取向、人物塑造、语言艺术等各个方面。 关键词：明代；科举；戏曲；影响 II ABSTRACT During the development history of opera, the Yuan Dynasty is another golden period after the Ming Dynasty, being the first era in opera history that drama and imperial examination system prospered simultaneously. As the impact of imperial examination, the opera of Ming Dynasty have shown several novel characteristics from authorship, creative motivation, ideological content and language style. Specifically, the first reason is that most of the drama authors have taken the imperial examination and have received relevant education, which makes Ming opera unavoidably influenced by the examination system. Second, a large part of the authors have a certain social status so that the social impact of the opera authors has been improved significantly. Second, from the perspective of creation purpose, because of the changed social status of opera authors, the creation motive and enlightenment in Ming Dynasty have deepened than previous dynasties. Besides, there have been no practical purposes for the first stage performance; the only aim is to meet the needs of the creative spirit of their own. Third, from the perspective of content, description of imperial examin