《南方红壤区农田道路强降雨侵蚀过程试验 Field Simulated Experiment on Erosion Processes of Different Farm Roads under a Heavy Rain in Red Soil Region》.pdfVIP

201 2年9月 农业机械学报 第43卷第9期 DOI：10．6041／j．issn．1000—1298，2012．09．017 南方红壤区农田道路强降雨侵蚀过程试验术 郑海金1’2 杨 洁2 张洪江1 汪邦稳2 肖胜生2 段 剑2 1．北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京100083；2 江西省水土保持科学研究所，南昌330029 【摘要】 以南方红壤区江西水土保持生态科技园为研究区，通过野外调查选择4种典型农田道路 即裸露土 路、碎石道路、泥结石路和植草土路 设置12个原位试验小区，采用人工模拟降雨试验研究了3．0ram／rain强降雨 条件下农田道路侵蚀过程及特征。结果表明：被高度压实的农田道路产流时间短 小于2min ，并在2～6min内径 流趋于平稳，径流系数高达65％以上；农田道路产流初期侵蚀率较大，随后下降并在一段时间内趋于稳定。降雨后 期，裸露土路路面出现细沟和微型切沟导致侵蚀率有所增大；与裸露土路相比，碎石道路、泥结石路和植草土路均 可以改变路面径流的水力学特征，实现土质道路防护和减少侵蚀产沙的作用，减沙效益最低也可达40％左右，并以 植草土路的水土保持效果最佳。 关键词：农田道路南方红壤区侵蚀过程 减沙效益 中国分类号：S157．1文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-1298 2012 09-0085-06 FieldSimulated onErosionProcessesofDifferent Experiment Farm under in Roads a RainRedSoil Heavy Region Xiao Duan Jie2 Jian2 ZhengHaijinl·2Yang ZhangHongjian91WangBangwen2Shengshen92 Water Soiland 100083，China of Forestry 1．College Conservation，Beijing University，Beijing InstituteSoilandWater 330029，China 2．Jiangxi of Conservation，Nanchang Abstract 4farm bare stonecovered stoneand Totally roads，i．e．the road，the road，the unpaved grass coveredroadandthe covered onthe named selected area grass road，were representative Jiangxi Eco—scienceParkofSoilandWaterConservation．Twelverainfallsimulation withan experimentsintensity of3．0mm／minwerecarriedoutontheselectedroads．Theresults from indicatedthatrunoff thefarm roadswas 2min．Therate and in recordedlessthan runoffincreased reachedlevelthefirst quickly steady 2～6min．Therunoffcoefficientwasabove65％．Theerosionratewas atthe ofthe high beginning rainfallandthen duetothelossoffinesoil and decreased surface later particles changes．At porosity thebare tosomeextentto erosionrateof roadincreased duethe ofrill period，the unpaved appearance with and thebare stonecovered stoneand road，the road，the micro-gully．Comparedunpaved grass coveredroadandthe coveredroadcanall runoff to the characteristics，SO grass change hydraulic protect thefarm and sediment benefitof roads decrease lowest sedimentreductionwas toabout yield．The up of the roadhadthebestbenefitsoi