新编计算机英语教程 李心广 柯晓华 姚敏锋 王敏 Chapter 051新.ppt

Chapter Five Operating Systems 新编计算机专业英语 Introduction In this chapter we study operating systems, which are software packages that coordinate a computer’s internal activities as well as oversee its communication with the outside world. It is a computer’s operating system that transforms the computer hardware into a useful tool. Our goal is to understand what operating systems do and how they do it. Such a background is central to being an enlightened computer user. Operating Systems  Definition: An operating system is the software that controls the overall operation of a computer. It provides the means by which a user can store and retrieve files, provides the interface by which a user can request the execution of programs, and provides the environment necessary to execute the programs requested. Operating Systems Some examples: Linux UNIX Mac OS Google Chrome OS Windows Operating Systems-The History of Operating Systems Terms of O.S. ( job, queue, batch processing ,etc) Queue Operating Systems-The History of Operating Systems Interactive processing and real-time processing To accommodate these needs, new operating systems were developed, which allowed a program being executed to carry on a dialogue with the users through remote terminals - a feature known as interactive processing. Operating Systems-The History of Operating Systems Time-sharing If interactive systems had been required to serve only one user at a time, real-time processing would have been no problem. But computers were expensive in the 1960s and 1970s, so each machine had to serve more than one user. Multi-tasking Operating Systems-The History of Operating Systems Time-sharing If the operating system insisted on executing only one job at a time, only one user would receive satisfactory real-time service. A solution to this problem was to design the operating system so that it rotated the various jobs in and out of execution by a strategy called time-sharing, which is the technique of d