PhysicsSessionLowtemperatureextractionofessentialoilbearingplantsbyliquificategasesFruitsfromsweetfennel(FoeniculumofficinaleMill.).docVIP

Physics Session Low temperature extraction of essential oil bearing plants by liquificate gases: Fruits from sweet fennel (Foeniculum officinale Mill.) Tanya Girova1, Velizar Gochev1, Ivanka Stoilova2, Krasimira Dobreva3, Neno Nenov4, Veselin Stanchev5, Albena Stoyanova 6 1“Department “Biochemistry and microbiology”, Paisii Hilendarski” University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Asen str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria, vgochev2000@ 2Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, wstoilowa@ 3 Subsidiary of the University of Stara Zagora, 38 Graf Ignatiev str., 8600 Yambol, Bulgaria, krdobreva@mail.bg 4Department of Heating Technology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, nenonenov@ 5Department of Automatic, informatics and managing engineering, University of Food Technologies, , 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, vsstanchev@abv.bg 6Department of Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, alstst@ Abstract The chemical composition of extract from the fruits of sweet fennel (Foeniculum officinale Mill.) by extraction with C2H2F4 (1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethane) was analyzed using GC and GC/MS. The main compounds (concentration higher than 3 %) of extract were: anethole (68.3) and fenchone (17.7).The studied extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The extract has antioxidant activity against DPPH radical. Keywords: fennel, 1,1,2-tetrafluorethane, composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Introduction Fennel (Foeniculum officinale All. = F. vulgare Mill. = F. capillaceum Gilib), family Apiaceae, originates from the Mediterranean and is cultivated in all countries temperate climate.There are two varieties - sweet (var. dulce (Mill) Thell.) and bitter (var. vulgare (Mill) Thell), which differs in morphological features, content and composition of essential oil [3]. In Bulgaria, both