chap4 network layer-5.pptVIP

Chap4 Network layer（4.5） ---- Routing Protocol Information science and engineer college Wang xia E-mail：uzzcomnet@163.com Review Q1: How many kind of ICMP datagram? Content -routing protocols AS IGP ( interior gateway protocol) 内部网关协议 RIP（D-V protocol) OSPF（L-S protocol) EGP ( External gateway protocol) 外部网关协议 BGP (Border gateway protocol) Leading Leading Hierarchical Routing content AS IGP ( interior gateway protocol) 内部网关协议 RIP（D-V protocol) OSPF（L-S protocol) EGP ( External gateway protocol) 外部网关协议 BGP (Branch gateway protocol) AS (Autonomous System) A AS provides uniform routing strategy. ( 一个AS 对其他 AS 表现出的一致的路由选择策略) Routing protocol IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) RIP OSPF EGP (External Gateway Protocol) BGP-4 How to choose optimal routing? Metric Routing protocol IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) RIP OSPF EGP (External Gateway Protocol) BGP-4 4.5.2 RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Q1: How to work? Q2: What is metric of RIP? hop How to work? Copy its own routing table to neighbors regularly. (定期拷贝路由表给邻居路由器，并累积向量) How to define the distance? How to get hop count？ Connection net(直连网络）： 1. Connectionless net: plus 1 via a router(没经过一个路由器加1）. How to discover the routing? How to add routing information? Multicasting his routing table to its neighbors regularly. Multicasting ?cycle (多播周期）：30sec. How to add routing information? Multicasting his routing table to its neighbors regularly. Multicasting ?cycle (多播周期）：30sec. Routing updating Datagram format of RIP2 (报文格式 ) Routing item: disadvantages 1. Convergence Time is long：路由变化要经过比较长的时间才能将此信息传送到所有的路由器。 2. The?supporting?network is small: 最大距离为 15（16 表示不可达）。 3. Updating information is total routing table: 路由器之间交换的路由信息是路由器中的完整路由表，因而随着网络规模的扩大，开销也就增加。 A problem: Routing Loop （路由环路） 到达网络的数据包在A,B,C之间无限传递 Solution: Defining a Maximum （定义最大跳数） 通过定义最大跳数来阻止路由无限循环 Solution: Split Horizon（水平分割） 路由信息不能够发回其起源的路由器 RIP summary 用跳数做度量值（Hop count metric selects the path） 路由更新周期30秒（Routes u