实验experimentp34resonancemodes1共振模式1–resonance.docVIP

实验Experiment: P34 Resonance Modes 1 共振模式1– Resonance Modes of a Stretched String 张线的共振模式(Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor)(功率放大器，电压传感器) Concept: waves 概念：波 Time: 45 m 时间：45分钟 SW Interface: 700 科学工作室接口：700 Macintosh file: P34 Resonance Modes 1 Windows file: P34_SONO.SWS EQUIPMENT NEEDED 所需仪器 ? Science Workshop Interface 科学工作室界面 ? Voltage Sensor 电压传感器 ? Driver/Detector Coils with Adapter Plug 带适配器插头的驱动/探测线圈 ? Power Amplifier 功率放大器 ? Sonometer* 振动频率计* *The Sonometer includes two bridges and ten wires, two each of the following diameters and linear density:* 振动频率计包括两个桥臂和十根金属丝，每两根具有如下的直径和线密度： diameter 直径 　　0.010” 0.014” 0.017” 0.020” 0.022” linear density 线密度 0.39 g/m 0.78 g/m 1.12 g/m 1.50 g/m 1.84 g/m PURPOSE 目的 The purpose of this laboratory activity is to determine the relationship between the length of a stretched string and the frequencies at which resonance occurs. 本实验的目的是确定张线的长度与共振频率之间的关系。 THEORY 原理 Standing Waves 驻波 A simple sine wave traveling along a stretched string can be described by the equation: 一个正弦波在张线上的传播可用如下的方程描述： where: 其中： If the string is fixed at one end, the wave will be reflected back when it strikes that end. The reflected wave will then interfere with the original wave. The reflected wave can be described by the equation: 如果线的一端固定，则波在到达该端时将被反射回来，从而与入射波发生干涉。反射波可表示为： Assuming the amplitudes of these waves are small enough so that the elastic limit of the string is not exceeded, the resultant waveform will be just the sum of the two waves: 假设这两个波的振幅足够小，没有超过线的弹性限度，则合成波为两波的直接叠加： This equation has some interesting characteristics. At a fixed time, to, the shape of the string is a sine wave with a maximum amplitude of: 该方程有一些有趣的性质。当时间to一定时，线的形状为一正弦波，其振幅为： At a fixed position on the string, xo, the string is undergoing simple harmonic motion, with an amplitude of 当线上的位置xo一定时，线做简谐振动，其振幅为： Therefore, at points of the string where x0 = ?/4, 3?/4, 5?/4, 7??4, etc., the amplitude of the oscillations will be a maximum (oscillations fro