车辆 毕业设计 外文翻译2.docVIP

译文题目： Automobile Transmission 汽车变速器 学生姓名： 学　　号： 0 专　　业：机械设计制造及其自动化（现代汽车技术） 讲 师 2012年 2 月 20 日 Automobile Transmission As we know , an engine can generate only limited torque at low speeds .Driving condition is very complicated and this required the tractive effort and speed vary in a large scope .And without sufficient torque , moving a heavily loaded vehicle from a standing start is impossible . In any engine , the crankshaft always rotates in the same direction . If the engine transmitted its power directly to the drive axles , the wheels could be driven only in one direction. Given a level road ,an automobile without a transmission could be made to move by accelerating the engine and engaging the clutch . However , a start under these conditions would be slow , noisy and uncomfortable . In condition , it would place a tremendous strain on the engine and driving parts of the automobile. So in order to get smooth starts and have power to pass and climb hills , a power ratio must be provided to multiply the torque and turning effort of the engine . Also required is a speed ratio to avoid the need for extremely high engine rpm at high road speeds . The transmission is geared to perform these functions . A transmission is a speed and power changing device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle . It is designed for changing the torque transmitted form the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft , reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting . A higher torque should be applied to the wheels to set an automobile in motion or move uphill with a full load than to keep it rolling after it gets under way on level stretches of the road , when inertia is high and tractive resistance is low . To meet these variable torque requirement , special gear boxes are used . Such