chapter9 Analysis of Finite Wordlength Effects.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Analysis of Finite Wordlength Effects Introduction Ideally, the system parameters along with the signal variables have infinite precision taking any value between -? and ? In practice, they can take only discrete values within a specified range since the registers of the digital machine where they are stored are of finite length The discretization process results in nonlinear difference equations characterizing the discrete-time systems Introduction These nonlinear equations, in principle, are almost impossible to analyze and deal with exactly However, if the quantization amounts are small compared to the values of signal variables and filter parameters, a simpler approximate theory based on a statistical model can be applied Introduction Using the statistical model, it is possible to derive the effects of discretization and develop results that can be verified experimentally Sources of errors - (1) Filter coefficient quantization (2) A/D conversion (3) Quantization of arithmetic operations (4) Limit cycles Introduction Consider the first-order IIR digital filter y[n]= ?y[n-1]+x[n] where y[n] is the output signal and x[n] is the input signal Introduction The desired transfer function is Introduction Thus, the actual frequency response may be quite different from the desired frequency response Coefficient quantization problem is similar to the sensitivity problem encountered in analog filter implementation Introduction A/D Conversion Error - generated by the filter input quantization process If the input sequence x[n] has been obtained by sampling an analog signal xa(t), then the actual input to the digital filter is Introduction Arithmetic Quantization Error - For the first-order digital filter, the desired output of the multiplier is Introduction Limit Cycles - The nonlinearity of the arithmetic quantization process may manifest in the form of oscillations at the filter output, usually in the absence of input or, sometimes, in the