《Plant Form》.pptVIP

Plant Form Chapter 35 Meristems Meristematic tissues are clumps of small cells with dense cytoplasm and proportionately large nuclei. Elongation of roots and shoots takes place by repeated cell divisions and subsequent elongation by the apical meristem. In some species, lateral meristems produce an increase in girth. Meristems Apical meristems located at tip of stems and roots Plant tissues that result from primary growth are called primary tissues. make up primary plant body root apical meristem protected by root cap Apical Meristems Give rise to three types of primary meristems protoderm - forms epidermis procambium - forms primary vascular tissue ground meristem - differentiates into ground tissue intercalary meristems may arise in stem internodes Lateral Meristems Most trees, shrubs, and some herbs have active lateral meristems. increases girth in nonwoody plants - secondary growth Woody stems cork cambium produces cork cells vascular cambium produces secondary vascular tissue Organization of the Plant Body Vascular plant consists of: root system - anchors plant and penetrates soil to absorb water and ions shoot system stems – framework for positioning leaves leaves - principle sites of photosynthesis vegetative shoot - internode, node leaf and axillary buds Plant Body Diagram Organization of the Plant Body Tissue types ground tissue - parenchyma cells dermal tissue - outer covering epidermis in primary growth plants cuticle bark in secondary growth plants vascular tissue - conduction xylem - water and dissolved materials phloem - carbohydrates Primary and Secondary Growth Primary growth results from cell division at the apical meristem at the plant tip. Secondary growth results from cell division at the lateral meristem, increasing the shoot’s girth. Dermal Tissue Epidermal cells originating from the protoderm cover all parts of the primary plant body. guard cells - dumbbell-shaped cells flanking stomata trichomes - hairlike outgrowths regulate microclimate r