船用惯性通道式力隔振抗冲元件设计研究.pdfVIP

摘要 船舶在恶劣海况出航或受到外部强大冲击载荷作用时，船上的机械设备会受到影 响，或遭受重创而不能正常工作或者瘫痪。因此有必要在船舶重要机械设备处安装隔 振抗冲防护元件，使其能够抵抗外界冲击，维持正常稳定的运转，保证船舶的正常航 行。 本文选用汽车上广泛应用的惯性通道式液阻悬置作为设计母型，利用有限元分析 技术，研究开发船用惯性通道式液力隔振抗冲元件。首先通过理论分析，确定了所研 究元件的设计要求，其次，利用有限元软件 ABAQUS 进行元件组件——橡胶主簧的设 计研究。通过大量有限元分析计算，确定了橡胶主簧设计研究方法。运用此方法，初 步设计了几种橡胶主簧的形状方案。通过对几种设计方案有限元分析结果的比较分 析，确定了橡胶主簧的最终形状方案，并依此方案设计提出一套满足设计要求的橡胶 主簧结构尺寸。最后，在对液阻悬置组件惯性通道参数识别的实验原理进行分析后， 提出了在CFD-ACE 软件中模拟该实验的有限元分析方案。以直径20mm 的惯性通道 为算例，论证了方案的正确性。基于 MATLAB 软件平台，编程实现了利用有限元分 析结果数据拟合出惯性通道物理参数的程序。研究发现，为提高拟合精度，源数据应 当采用载荷形式为随机激励的有限元分析结果。 本文的研究工作为进一步研究开发船用惯性通道式液阻悬置减振抗冲击元件提供 了有益的参考，具有一定的实用价值。 关键词：船舶；隔振；抗冲；有限元；液阻悬置 I Abstract When a ship sails in the sea under the bad condition or bears some external powerful impact, the operation of machinery equipments on board will be affected and even be paralyzed due to the severe damages. Therefore, it is necessary to fit anti-vibration and anti-shock mounting under some important machinery equipments. The equipments will be protected from external impact and work normally to ensure the normal navigation. In this paper, marine antivibration and antishock mounts with inertia tracks are studied using finite element technology. Hydraulically damped rubber mounts with inertia tracks which are widely used in cars are chosen as reference models. Firstly, design requirements are proposed according to theoretical analysis. Secondly, design of the rubber spring of the mounting is studied by using finite element software of ABAQUS. The design method determining the dimensions of the rubber spring of the mounting is proposed through a lot of finite element analyses. Several preliminary sketches are designed and the final shape and dimensions of the rubber spring