TGF-β信号传导通路和其生物学功能.docVIP

TGF-β信号传导通路及其生物学功能* 刘镕，赵琴平，董惠芬，* （武汉大学基础医学院医学寄生学教研室，湖北武汉） 【摘要】 TGF-β信号传导通路配体分子的的下游特异性通路TGF-β/Activin/Nodal和BMP/GDF/MIS两个亚家族通路。该信号通路的激活首先是TGF-βs受体结合，从而使受体TβRs磷酸化βR-I直接作用于底物Smads蛋白，活化的、其他核内因子TGF-β信号通路就是通过调节细胞的生长、增殖、分化、迁移和凋亡等过程，在组织与器官的发生和形成（胚胎发育、骨骼等器官形成）、机体的免疫反应等生物过程发挥重要功能 【关键词】 TGF-β传导通路；功能；发育；胚胎；免疫应答；综述 The TGF-β signaling pathways and their biological functions LIU Rong, ZHAO Qin-ping, DONG Hui-fen, JAING Ming-sen (Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China) 【Abstract】 The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a superfamily with a large number of multifunctional cytokines, and it, based on the classification of the ligands, was divided into two subfamilies - TGF-β/Activin/Nodal and /MIS signaling pathways. The activation of this signaling pathway initiates from the binding of TGF-βs ligand to their receptors, and then the phosphorylation of the receptors TβRs happens, in which the phosphorylated TβR-I acts directly on the substrates Smads, and finally the activated Smads together with other nuclear factors play either an activation or a repression effect on the transcription of the target genes, finishing passing the signal from cell membrane to the nucleus. The TGF-β signaling pathway participates in many biological processes like the formation of tissues and organs and immune response in both developing embryos and adult organisms through regulating cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. 【Key words】 TGF-β signaling pathways; biological functions; reproductive development; embryonic development; immune response; review TGF-β信号通路是一个包含众多成员的多功能细胞因子的大家族，主要通过形成β信号传导通路中的配体、受体与效应分子的组成（表1）和激活方式，及其参与调节β信号通路的最新研究进展。 表1 TGF-β家族成员及其受体与信号分子 Table 1 TGF-β family members and their receptors and effectors TGFβ亚家族 TGF-β/Activin/Nodal BMP/GDF/MIS 配体 TGF-βs, Activins, Nodal BMPs, GDFs, MIS II型受体 TβR-II, ActR-II, ActR-IIB BMPR-II, ActR-II, A