2英汉对比精品.pptVIP

E--C Contrast I.Contrasts from a macroscopic viewpoint 1.word 2. Grammar 3. Syntactic structures 4. Thinking pattern 1. Contrast in word English belongs to Indo-European language, alphabetic language (拼音文字）； Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language, ideographic language.( 表意文字） 汉语是意象性语言，文字符号具有象形、会意和形声的特点，许多汉字摹拟自然现象和客观事物(如：山、凹、凸)，许多事物通过“观物取象”、“立意于象”而得以命名(如：x光透视、电脑)，不少外来词通过形象性的意译或摹拟拼音加形象而得以译名(如：laser‘激光、Coca-cola可口可乐、World’Wide Web万维网、mini—skirt迷你裙)， 1.1 In English, the meaning of words is flexible according to contexts, collocation, parts of speech) -broken man/ broken English/ broken money 1.2 abundant idioms and phrases in English --Let’s face the music. Carry away, carry out, carry on 1.3 4-word phrases are popular in Chinese ( imitation/ literal translation) --没必要旁敲侧击。（There’s no need to beat around the bush) -沧海一粟( a drop in the ocean) 破釜沉舟（burn the boat) 不伦不类（ neither fish nor foul) --Disasters never come single. --To many Americans , China is still a faraway place- unknown, unseen and fascinating. Suggested version:时至今日， 仍然有许多美国人觉得中国远在天涯海角，鲜为人知， 令人心驰神往。 1 A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap,and pilotless, is attracting much attention. 2 Don’t get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill. 3 Don’t come in until I call you 4 好好学习,天天向上 语义层面 1,一一对应 tree people 2 核心意义对应,附加意义不同 Individualism freedom democracy 3核心意义对应,文化意义相反 red china red letter yellow blue 2. Contrast in Grammar English is a synthetic language marked with inflexions(曲折变化形式）， Chinese is an analytic language without any inflexions, implied in the context or explicitly by some empty words, such as “着”、“了”、 “过”、“过去”、“ 曾经”、“刚刚”etc. inflexion: formal changes in grammar, including gender, quantity, tense, voice, comparative degree,etc) It rains everyday. / It rained yesterday./ It is raining hard outside. “一切尽在不言中“ “得意忘言” 人治 ：受人的悟性和表达需要的管治 法治：受人的理性、语法和逻辑的管治 借助生动具体的形象性词语表达抽象笼统的意义(如：土崩瓦解、水乳交融、三天打鱼，两天晒网)。 汉语模糊性较大，歧义现象较多，“非逻辑” 这锅饭能吃十个人／十个人能吃这锅饭、神秘的少女的心、