不同放牧强度下节性休牧对消化率及家畜生产性能的研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 论文于 2010 年至 2012 年在锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii Roshev) 典型草原上，以西门塔尔牛为研究对象，设置不同放牧强度，研究季节性休牧对植 物群落的影响及家畜生产性能的变化，获得以下结论： 1. 不同放牧强度下短期休牧对草地群落总盖度、总高度、现存量影响均显著 （P ＜0.05 ），休牧后中度放牧区群落总盖度与现存量恢复程度显著高于重度区。群落高 度的恢复程度随放牧强度的增加而下降。 2. 随放牧强度增大克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii Roshev) 和羊草(Leymus chinensis Tzvel)重要值下降，冷蒿(Artemisia frigida Willd.) 、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa Keng)等耐牧性种群重要值上升。群落 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数、Simpson 多样性 指数、Margarlef 丰富度指数随放牧强度增加而降低。 3. 中度放牧区牧草消化率显著高于轻度区 （P ＜0.05 ）。不同放牧强度下随月份 的推移牧草消化率逐渐下降。牧草消化率最大值出现在 7~8 月，且显著高于 6 月和 9 月 （P ＜0.05 ）。 4. 不同放牧强度下牛个体日增重随放牧强度的增加而降低 （P ＜0.05 ），依次为 LG ＞MG ＞HG 。单位面积增重在中度放牧强度下显著高于轻度和重度。 5. 利用粪氮指数法和体外模拟法测定的消化率分别为 60.18% ～66.36%和 51.49%～62.69%。 关键词：放牧强度；休牧；植物群落；消化率；生产性能 The Research of the Seasonal Rest Grazing and Livestock Digestibility and Performance under Different Grazing Intensities Abstract In this paper. The research studying effect of seasonal rest grazing on plant communities and livestock performance of Simmental cattle and livestock digestibility under different granzing intensity was taken placed in Xilinguole Zheng xiang bai banner Stipa krylovii steppe from 2010 to 2012. The results were shown as follows: 1. The effect of under different grazing intensities grazing on the plant communities were significantly (P ＜0.05), a 30-day rest grazing can effectively improve the total coverage, the total height and biomass. After rest grazing, the degree of recovery in moderate grazing area was significantly higher than light grazing and high grazing. The height was decreased by the grazing intensities. 2. When the grazing intensity increases, the important value of Sitipa krylovii and Leymus chinensis decreases, important value of