牧场经营方式对地群落特征和牧草消化率的影响.pdfVIP

摘 要 本文以草甸草原不同经营方式的生产单位（牧户）为对象，分析了草地群落特征、 土壤化学性质和牧草消化率对不同经营方式的响应，以及家畜的牧食行为，主要研究 内容和结果如下： 1 群落植物盖度集体经营个体经营；羊草高度对照1集体经营个体经营；对 照2较大规模经营、较小规模经营。 2 个体经营的Odum、Margalef 丰富度指数和Monk 指数最低，集体经营、对照 多样性指数没有显著差异；Margalef 丰富度指数与 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数相关 系数个体经营集体经营对照1 （0.94920.91990.7437 ），较小规模经营 较大规模 经营 对照2 （0.97080.94970.9487 ）。 3 对照 1 的地上现存量显著高于集体经营和个体经营，对照2 显著高于较大规 模经营和较小规模经营。 4 不同经营方式草地的土样全钾含量最高，速效磷含量最低，全磷含量高于速 效磷。 5 不同经营方式三河牛消化率为0.62 左右，且与群落多样性、主要物种存在线 性关系。 6 三河牛干物质采食量在5.71-9.94kg/d 之间，三河牛对植物的选择性指数大于 1 的植物有11 种，三河牛每天有7-8 个活动周期。 关键字：草甸草原；经营方式；集体经营；三河牛；消化率 The Effection on Grassland’s Community Characteristics and Grass’ Digestibility by the Management of Grazing Land Abstract This paper Based on the meadow steppe different running modes of production units (households) as the object of study on grazing ecosystem, has carried on the analysis from three aspects of soil - vegetation and livestock, the main research contents and results are as follows: 1 The community coverage of CG higher than IG’; The sort order of Chinese wildrye ’s high is CK1 CG IG, CK2 LG SG. 2 The IG’s diversity indexes are lowest, which contents Odum and Margale, Monk. There is no significant difference between CG and IG . The order of correlation coefficient is IG CG CK1, SG LG CK 2 that which between Margalef and Shannon-Wiener . 3 CK1 of the biomass on the ground is significantly higher than CG, IG, CK2 is significantly higher than LG, SG. 4 Under the different mode of operation, the total potassium content of grassland soil is the highest. Available p content is lowest. Total phosphorus content is higher than the available phosphorus. 5 Sanhe cattles digestion rate are higher than 0.62. The digestive r