牧草产量与品质不同刈割期和留茬高度及刈割年限的响应.pdf

摘 要 本试验于 2009 年至 2011 年，对内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市固定割草样地及贝加尔 针茅、日阴菅（S. baicalensis 、C. pediformis）和羊草、杂类草 （Leymus chinensis 、forbs ） 2 种割草地类型群落特征、植物营养成分及土壤营养成分进行了比较分析，结果表明： 1 禾本科和菊科植物占草地群落的主导地位。短期连续三年刈割，禾本科所占比 例随着刈割年限的增加、刈割期的退移而增加，豆科、蔷薇科、莎草科植物的比例都 随刈割年限的增加而降低。多年刈割可使贝加尔针茅株丛的破碎化、小型化。羊草、 糙隐子草、洽草随刈割年限的增加有矮化趋势。 2 群落的 Margarlef 丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数、Simpson 多样性指 数、Pielou 均匀度指数是随刈割次数的增加而降低，刈割可使群落物种数目降低、复 杂程度降低。 3 群落的地上生物量变化规律具有明显季节性，且呈“单峰型”变化。随着留茬 高度的增高，草地的收获量逐渐降低，以留茬 7cm 处理草地地上生物量下降最快， 其次为留茬 3cm，留茬 5cm 最慢。 4 刈割可以增加植物粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量，且粗蛋白含量有明显的季节性变化， 并在 8 月 15 日达到高峰。除2009 年第一次刈割外，2010 、2011 年均以留茬 7cm 处 理粗蛋白含量最高，留茬 5cm 处理草地粗蛋白产量下降幅度最低。 5 短期的连续三年刈割对土壤影响较小，但长期的连年刈割，土壤有机质、速效 氮、全氮的含量均有降低的趋势。 关键词：呼伦贝尔；刈割期；留茬高度； α多样性；地上生物量 Response of Pasture Yield and Quality for Different Mowing Period and Different Istubble Height and Different Years Abstract The characteristics and nutrients of plant and soil were analyzed in stationary plots, S. baicalensis、C. pediformis and L. chinensis 、forbs steppe of Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia from 2009 to 2011. The main results were shown as follows: 1 The plants of Gramineae and Compostion are the mian composition.Defoliation of successive 3 years, the proportion of gramineae gradually increased with the mowing years increased and mowing period delay, and the proportion of plants that Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Cyperaceae were decreased with mowing years increased. Stipa baicalensis cluster fragmentation and miniaturization by mowing for many years which also made L. chinensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa and Koeleria cristata dwarf. 2 The index of community Margalef, Shannon-wiener, Simpson, and Pielou were gradually decreased with the frequency of mowing increased, the number of species of community were reduced and complexity of the community were decli