汉字部首知识.pdfVIP

汉字部首知识 第一课 汉字部首知识 Lesson 1 Basic Knowledge of Chinese Radicals 部首概念的产生 The Origin of the Radical 我们知道汉字部首起源于基本字，是谁最先提出部首这个概念的呢？中国东 汉时期的一个学者许慎 （约公元65-122 年）把 9353 个汉字按字体形状分类，把 含有相同结构成分且意义有关联的合体字归为一类，这样，9353 被分成 540 类， 其中每类汉字中结构相同的部分—也称为基本字，放在这一类字的首位，并称它 为部首。利用这 540 个部首，许慎编著了中国第一部篆书字典叫《说文解字》。 后来南朝的学者顾野王（公元 519-581 ）根据许慎的方法，编写了中国第一部楷 书字典叫 《玉篇》，共有部首 542 部。到了明代，梅膺祚编了一本字典叫 《字汇》 （公元1615）把部首精简到 214 。后来，清代的张玉书、陈廷敬等编了 《康熙字 典》（公元1710）也用 214 部首。2000 年汉语大词典出版社出版的 《标准汉语字 典》收了 201 部首。2005 年第 7 月商务印书馆出版的 《现代汉语词典》也为 201 部。因此，我们现在学习部首一般都学 201 个部首。我们在这本书中，将介绍其 中最常用的 100 个。 Radicals originally were integral characters, but how these integral characters late are called as “radicals” and who invented the term of “radical?” In the Eastern Han dynasty, a scholar Xu Shen (65-122) classified 9,353 compound characters into 540 categories according to the similarity of their physical structures. That is, he put all characters containing the same integral character into the same category and placed the integral character that shared by the same category of compounds in the first position to indicate the common feature of this group of characters. Xu Shen referred to this integral character which shared by the same category of characters as “radical.” Xu Shen identified 540 radicals. By using the classifying characters based on their shared component method, Xu Shen compiled first Chinese dictionary written in small seal style and titled Shuowen Jiezi (Character and Word Annotations). The scholar, Gu Yewang (A.D. 519-581), in the Southern Dynasty complied the first Chinese regular style character dictionary which is named Yu Pian (Jade Writing). In this dictionary,