不同水氮管理对蔬菜地硝态氮淋洗的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2005,38(9):1849-1855 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 不同水氮管理对蔬菜地硝态氮淋洗的影响 于红梅，李子忠，龚元石 （中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100094） 摘要：通过3 年（1999～2001）的田间定位试验研究了中国北方露地蔬菜种植中不同水氮管理方式对蔬菜地 NO3--N 淋洗的影响。结果表明，在蔬菜生长期内，通过减少灌溉水量不但能够降低蔬菜地水分渗漏量，而且明显 降低蔬菜地 NO- - -N 淋洗量。减少施氮量同样明显降低蔬菜地 NO -N 淋洗量。说明在蔬菜生产中将施氮量降低到传 3 3 统施氮量的20%～40%，土壤含水量保持在蔬菜生长的有效土壤含水量的50%～80%，能够明显降低NO3--N的淋洗风 险，且蔬菜产量未受到影响。 关键词：蔬菜地；水分渗漏；NO3--N淋洗；蔬菜产量 Leached Nitrate in Vegetable Field Under Different Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Practices YU Hong-mei, LI Zi-zhong, GONG Yuan-shi (College of Resource and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094) Abstract: During 3 consecutive years (1999-2001), a field experiment was conducted in an intensively irrigated vegetable soil in Northern China. The main objective was to study leached nitrate (NO3--N) characteristics in vegetable field under traditional and improved water and nitrogen fertilizer management practices during vegetable growing seasons. The soil water content, soil water potential and extract of the soil solution were determined by a combination of TDR (time domain reflectometry) probe, tensiometers and ceramic suction cups. The results showed that the amount of nitrate leached decreased because water drainage was reduced when applied water was reduced. Cumulative leached NO3--N amount under traditional water treatment was 4.4 times and 4.5 times of that of improved in traditional and improved nitrogen fertilizer application management. When nitrogen fertilizer applied was reduced the amounts of leached nitrate also decreased obviously. Cumulat