含氯化肥科学施用和机理研究的回顾与展望.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):233-243 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 含氯化肥科学施用和机理研究的回顾与展望 李家康，林 葆 （中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081） 摘要：本研究以氯化铵和双氯化肥（氯化铵+氯化钾）科学施用为主攻方向，从氯离子入手，探讨我国适宜 施用含氯化肥的地区、土壤和作物，以及安全高效施用技术。研究表明，我国土壤含氯普遍较低，平均含氯为59.6 -1 -1 -1 mg·kg ，高氯地区仅限于西北，平均含氯126.0 mg·kg ，高氯土壤为盐土，平均含氯607.0 mg·kg 。施用含氯化 肥引起土壤氯积累和土壤酸化有明显地域性，西北旱地氯积累可高达 50%～100%，西南和华南基本无积累，土壤 -1 酸化仅限于中性和酸性土区。通过研究，将 33 种作物按耐氯临界浓度划分为强耐氯作物（＞600 mg·kg ）、中等 -1 -1 耐氯作物（300～600 mg·kg ）、弱耐氯作物（＜300 mg·kg ）。研究提出了含氯化肥安全高效施用技术。研究结果 可供含氯化肥农业应用和联碱工业布局参考。 关键词：含氯化肥；含氯量；氯离子；耐氯能力；施用技术 Review and Prospects of Scientific Application of Chlorine Containing Fertilizers and Their Mechanisms LI Jia-kang, LIN Bao (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081) Abstract: The objective of this paper is to study the districts, soils and crops suitable for chlorine (Cl) containing fertilizers and the safe and high efficient fertilizer application techniques. Ammonium chloride and double Cl fertilizers were used as the main materials and the chloride ion was taken as the key point of study. The content of Cl of the soils in China is low and the average content is 59.6 mg·kg-1. The content of Cl of the soils in northwest is high and the average content is 126.0 mg·kg-1. The soil with high Cl content is a salt soil and the average content is 607.0 mg·kg-1. Geographic characters are obvious in soil Cl accumulation and soil acidifica