小麦优势蘖利用超高产栽培技术成果.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):147-152 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 小麦优势蘖利用超高产栽培技术成果 赵广才，张保明，刘利华，杨玉双，常旭虹 （中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京100081） 摘要：经过多年试验研究提出：（1）超高产小麦优势蘖组的概念、指标及合理利用模式；（2）超高产小麦氮 素积累动态指标及高效施肥策略；（3）超高产小麦群体结构和质量指标；（4）超高产小麦栽培应具备的土壤基础 养分指标与优化施肥技术指标；（5）以优势蘖利用为核心的“三优二促一控一稳”超高产栽培技术。三优：一是 优良（优质）超高产品种选用，二是优势蘖组的合理利用，三是优化群体动态结构和群体质量；二促：一促冬前 壮苗，打好高产基础，二促穗多穗大粒重，高产优质；一控：合理控水控肥、控苗壮长；一稳：后期健株稳管， 促粒防衰。 关键词：小麦；优势蘖；超高产；栽培 Studies on Super-High Yield Cultivation Technique Using Superior Tiller in Wheat ZHAO Guang-cai, ZHANG Bao-ming, LIU Li-hua, YANG Yu-shuang, CHANG Xu-hong (Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081) Abstract: After several years of study, the authors have proposed: (1) The concept, index and suitable model of the superior tiller group of super-high yield wheat; (2) Kinetic index of nitrogen cumulation in super-high yield wheat and high efficient fertilization strategy; (3) Population structure and quality index of super-high yield wheat; (4) Soil basic nutrition index required by super-high yield wheat cultivation and optimized fertilization technique index; (5) The super-high yield cultivation technique with the superior tiller as the core part, which includes three good points, two promotion methods, one control treatment and the moderate management. The three good points mean using high quality super-high yield varieties, properly using superior tiller group and optimizing population kinetic structure and population quality. The two promotion methods mean promoting the strengthening of seedling before winter and promoting more and bigger ears and heavier grains ，to get high yeild and high quality. The one control treatment means controlling watering an