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effects of past land use on spatial heterogeneity of soil
Ecological Monographs, 75(2), 2005, pp. 215–230
2005 by the Ecological Society of America
EFFECTS OF PAST LAND USE ON SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY
OF SOIL NUTRIENTS IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FORESTS
JENNIFER M. FRATERRIGO,1,4 MONICA G. TURNER ,1 SCOTT M. PEARSON,2 AND PHILIP DIXON3
1
Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
2Biology Department, Mars Hill College, Mars Hill, North Carolina 28754 USA
3Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
Abstract. We examined patterns of nutrient heterogeneity in the mineral soil (0–15
cm depth) of 13 southern Appalachian forest stands in western North Carolina 60 yr after
abandonment from pasture or timber harvest to investigate the long-term effects of land
use on the spatial distribution and supply of soil resources. We measured soil carbon (C),
nitrogen (N), acid-extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium
(Mg) concentrations and pools, and potential net N mineralization and nitrification rates
to evaluate differences in mean values, variance at multiple scales, and fine-scale spatial
structure.
While comparisons of averaged values rarely indicated that historical land use had an
enduring effect on mineral soil or N cycling, differences in variance and spatial structure
suggested that former activities continue to influence nutrient distributions by altering their
spatial heterogeneity. Patterns differed by element, but generally variance of soil C, N, and
Ca decreased and variance of soil P, K, and Mg increased with intensive p
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