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faster strongfstrong -arithmetic for cryptographic pairings on barreto
Faster F -arithmetic for Cryptographic Pairings
p
on Barreto-Naehrig Curves ⋆
Junfeng Fan, Frederik Vercauteren⋆⋆ , and Ingrid Verbauwhede
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ESAT/SCD-COSIC,
Kasteelpark Arenberg 10
B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
{jfan, fvercauteren, iverbauwhede}@esat.kuleuven.be
Abstract. This paper describes a new method to speed up F -arithmetic
p
for Barreto-Naehrig (BN) curves. We explore the characteristics of the
modulus defined by BN curves and choose curve parameters such that
Fp multiplication becomes more efficient. The proposed algorithm uses
Montgomery reduction in a polynomial ring combined with a coefficient
reduction phase using a pseudo-Mersenne number. With this algorithm,
the performance of pairings on BN curves can be significantly improved,
resulting in a factor 5.4 speed-up compared with the state-of-the-art
hardware implementations. Using this algorithm, we implemented a pair-
ing processor in hardware, which runs at 204 MHz and finishes one ate
and R-ate pairing computation over a 256-bit BN curve in 4.22 ms and
2.91 ms, respectively.
Keywords: Pairings, BN curves, Modular reduction
1 Introduction
A bilinear pairing is a map G1 ×G2 → GT where G1 and G2 are typically
additive groups and GT is a multiplicative group and the map is linear
in each component. Many pairings used in cryptography such as the Tate
pairing [1], ate pairing [11], and R-ate pairing [13] choose G1 and G2 to
be specific cyclic subgroups of E (Fp k ), and GT to be a subgroup of F∗k .
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