轻钢结构设计及施工中发现问题.docVIP

轻钢结构设计及施工中发现问题 摘要：由于钢结构本身具备自重轻、强度高、施工快等独特优点，因此对高层、大跨度，尤其是超高层、超大跨度，采用钢结构更是非常理想。轻型金属板材及其配套的门式刚架等系列轻型钢结构已得到了较为广泛的应用，自《门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程》（CECS 102：98）公布已来，此类工程有了更快的发展，但也陆续听到一些令人不安的情况。去年雨水较大，降雪较多，有些地方雪特别大，结构被压坏恐怕很难避免，但有的地方雪不大房子也有垮的，漏水的更多。另外，也看到一些工程，有的框架梁太细，令人担心，遇到大雪很可能出问题。有的骨架立起来摇摇晃晃，没有支撑，说装上墙板就好了，好象有了墙板就可以不要支撑。现在排架多起来，用钢筋砼柱、轻钢梁，造价较低，但有的严重不合规定。以下就轻钢结构设计及施工谈自己的几点体会。 关键词：门式刚架， 钢结构 中图分类号：TU318文献标识码：A文章编号： Abstract: as the steel structure itself has light weight, high strength, construction as well as fast unique advantages, so to top, big span, especially tall, big span, the steel structure is very ideal. Light sheet metal and its complete door frame of series of light steel structure has been a wide range of applications, from the door frame of light steel structure housing technical regulations CECS 102:98 published has come, this kind of the project has a faster development, but also have heard some disturbing. Last year the rain is bigger, more snow, where some snow particularly large, crushed structure: Im afraid it is difficult to avoid, but some local snow house also have the little pieces, leaking more. In addition, also see some engineering, some LiangTaiXi framework, worrying, meet the snow is likely a problem. Some skeleton stand wobbled, and no support, said mount wallboard, seems to have the wallboard can dont support. Now more than bent up, with reinforced concrete column, light steel beam, the cost is low, but some serious illegal. The following is light steel structure design and construction about his some comments. Key words: the door frame, steel structure 一、设计方面 1．屋面活荷载取值 《钢结构设计规范》规定不上人屋面的活荷载为0.5kN/m2，但构件的荷载面积大于60m2的可乘折减系数0.6。门式刚架一般符合此条件，所以可用0.3kN/m2，与钢结构设计规范保持一致。国外这类，要考虑0.15-0.5N/m2的附加荷载，而我们无此规定，遇到超载情况，就要出安全问题。建议设计时可适当提高至0.5kN/m2（可以考虑为使用附加荷载）。 2. 刚架计算的应力比取值问题 这就是专业公司设计钢屋架很经济的原因，应力比贴着上限跑（接近1.0）。未给突发事件留有足够的空间，这就是近几年轻钢厂房频频出现事故的因素之一。建议设计者在应力比取值上限不要超过0.8。 3．檩条的计算 檩条计算问题较大。檩要是冷弯薄壁构件，受压板件或压弯板件的宽厚比大，在受力时要屈曲，强度计算应采用有效宽度，对原有截面要减弱，不能象热轧型钢那样全截面有效。有效宽度理论是在《冷弯薄壁型钢构件技