Impact of rain-induced sea surface roughness variations on salinity retrieval from the AquariusSAC-D satellite.pdfVIP

ActaOceano1．Sin．，2015，Vo1．34，No．7，P．89—96 DOI：10．1007／s13131—015—0660—5 http：／／www．hyxb．org．cn E-mail：hyxbe@263．net Impactofrain．inducedseasurfaceroughnessvariationson salinityretrievalfrom theAquarius／SAC．Dsatellite MAWentao，2YANGXiaofeng2，YUYang2，LIUGuihong2，LIZiwei0，IINGCheng2 CollegeofPhysicalandEnvironmentalOceanography,OceanUniversityofChina，Qingdao266100，China 2StateKeyLaboratoryofRemoteSensingScience，InstituteofRemoteSensingandDistalEarth，ChineseAcademyof Sciences，Beijing100101，China Received8October2014；accepted2February2015 ~TheChineseSocietyofOceanographyandSpringer—VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015 Abstract Rainfallhastwosignificanteffectsontheseasurface，includingsalinitydecreasingandsurfacebecomingrougher， whichhavefurtherinfluenceonL—bandseasurfaceemissivity．InvestigationsusinghteAquariusandTRMM 3B42 matchupdatasetindicatethattheretrievedseasurfacesalinity(sss)isunderestimatedbythepresentAquarius algorithm com paredtonum ericalm odeloutputs，especiallyincasesofahigh rainrate．Forexam ple，thebias betweensatellite．observedSSSandnumericalmodelSSSisapproximately2whentherainrateis25mm ／h．The biascanbeeliminatedbyaccountingforrain—inducedroughness，whichisusuallymodeledbyrain—generated ring—wavespectrum．TherainspectrumwillbeinputintotheSmallSlopeApproximation(SSA)modelofrthe sim ulationofseasurfaceemissivityinfluencedbyrain．Thecom parisonwiththeoreticalmodelindicated山atthe empiricalmode1ofrainspectrum ismoresuitabletobeusedinthesimulation．Further．htecoefficientsof血erain spectrum arem odifiedbyfittingthesim ulationswith theobservationsofthe2一yearAquariusandTRMM matchupdataset．Thecalculationsconfirm thattheseasurfaceemissivityincreaseswiththewindspeedandrain rate．Theincreaseinducedbytherainrateisrapidinthecaseoflowrainrateandlowwindspeed．Finally．a modifiedm odelofseasurfaceem issivityincludingtherainspectrum isproposedandvalidatedbyusingthe matchupdatasetinMay2014．Comparedwithobservations，thebiasoftherain．inducedseasurfaceemissivity s